交

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交 U+4EA4, 交
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA4
← 亣
[U+4EA3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亥 →
[U+4EA5]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

交 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 卜金大 (YCK), four-corner 00408, composition ⿱亠父 or ⿱六乂)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 88, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 291
  • Dae Jaweon: page 185, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 282, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4EA4

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 交
alternative forms 胶

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 交
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Bronze inscriptions

b15079

b15080

b15081

b15082

Small seal script

s07496

Transcribed ancient scripts

L07944

L07946

L07947

L07948

L07949

L07950

L07951

L07952

L07953

L07954

L07955

L07956

L07957

L07958

L07959

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (交) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
烄 *keːws, *kreːwʔ
礮 *pʰreːws
交 *kreːw
郊 *kreːw
茭 *kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ
蛟 *kreːw
鮫 *kreːw
鵁 *kreːw
咬 *kreːw, *ŋɡreːwʔ, *qreːw
鉸 *kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *kreːws
佼 *kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ
詨 *kreːw, *qʰreːws, *ɡreːws
絞 *kreːwʔ
狡 *kreːwʔ
姣 *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːw
筊 *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːw
校 *kreːws, *ɡreːws
珓 *kreːws
跤 *kʰreːw
頝 *kʰreːw
骹 *kʰraːw
齩 *ŋɡreːwʔ
洨 *ɡreːw
胶 *ɡreːw
效 *ɡreːws
効 *ɡreːws
傚 *ɡreːws
皎 *keːwʔ
恔 *keːwʔ
晈 *keːwʔ
窔 *qeːws
駮 *pqreːwɢ

Pictogram (象形) – a human with crossed legs.

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rjaw (“mix”); cognate with Burmese ရော (rau:, “to mix”), Jingpho yau (“be mixed”), kəjau (“to mix, intermix”), compare Chepang [script needed] (ljawh-ʔo, “mixed”) and Proto-Mienic *klaau3 (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kau - literary;
  • ka/ka̍h - vernacular.
Rime
Character 交
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 肴 (90)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古肴切
Baxter kaew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠau/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚau/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kau/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kaɨw/
Li
Rong 		/kau/
Wang
Li 		/kau/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kau/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiāo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gaau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 交
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiāo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kæw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁraw/
English cross (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 交
Reading # 1/1
No. 6296
Phonetic
component 		交
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		交
Old
Chinese 		/*kreːw/

Definitions[edit]

交

  1. to intersect; to cross
    相交  ―  xiàngjiāo  ―  to intersect
    交好運／交好运  ―  jiāo hǎoyùn  ―  to meet with good fortune
  2. to reach (a certain time)
  3. time or place where two things meet
    春夏之交  ―  chūn xià zhī jiāo  ―  when springs changes into summer
    世紀之交／世纪之交  ―  shìjì zhī jiāo  ―  the turn of the century
    地處豫晉兩省之交 [MSC, trad.]
    地处豫晋两省之交 [MSC, simp.]
    dìchù Yù Jìn liǎng shěnɡ zhī jiāo [Pinyin]
    located where the borders of Henan and Shanxi meet
  4. to hand over; to turn in; to submit
    交班  ―  jiāobān  ―  to hand over to the next shift
    交功課／交功课 [Cantonese]  ―  gaau1 gung1 fo3 [Jyutping]  ―  to turn in homework
    交咗租未？ [Cantonese]  ―  gaau1 zo2 zou1 mei6? [Jyutping]  ―  Have you paid rent?
    請把任務交給我吧！ [MSC, trad.]
    请把任务交给我吧！ [MSC, simp.]
    Qǐng bǎ rènwù jiāo gěi wǒ ba! [Pinyin]
    Please assign me the task!
  5. to make (friends)
    交朋友  ―  jiāo péngyǒu  ―  to make a friend
    交男朋友  ―  jiāo nánpéngyǒu  ―  to get a boyfriend
  6. friendship; relationship
    邦交  ―  bāngjiāo  ―  diplomatic relations
    泛泛之交  ―  fànfànzhījiāo  ―  acquaintance
    君子之交淡如水  ―  jūnzǐ zhī jiāo dàn rú shuǐ  ―  True friendship between two men of accomplishment need not be overly demonstrative.
  7. to have sexual intercourse; to mate
    肛交  ―  gāngjiāo  ―  to have anal sex
    雜交／杂交  ―  zájiāo  ―  to hybridize; to crossbreed
  8. mutually; reciprocally
    交談／交谈  ―  jiāotán  ―  to converse
    交易  ―  jiāoyì  ―  to trade
  9. simultaneously; at the same time
  10. 16th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "contact" (𝌕)
  11. (obsolete) Alternative form of 跤
  12. (Hokkien, dated) Used to refer to a private wholesale trading company
    alt. forms: 郊 (jiāo)
Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 交 – see 跤 (“tumble; fall; leg; foot; lower limb; etc.”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 跤).
Notes:

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

交

  1. (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Philippine Hokkien) and
  2. (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Philippine Hokkien) with; accompanying
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 和 (“and”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 與, 及
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 和, 與, 及, 與及 Cantonese
Mandarin Beijing 跟, 和
Taiwan 跟, 和
Yantai (Muping) 和
Jinan 和, 跟, 給
Wanrong 和
Wanrong (Ronghe) 連
Xi'an 跟, 連
Yinchuan 連
Lanzhou 跟, 和
Xining 帶, 和
Ürümqi 跟, 連, 和
Wuhan 跟
Chengdu 跟, 給, 和
Guiyang 跟, 同, 和
Guilin 跟, 和
Liuzhou 跟, 同, 和
Xuzhou 給
Yangzhou 跟, 交
Nanjing 告, 跟
Hefei 跟
Malaysia 和, 跟
Singapore 和, 跟
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 帶
Cantonese Guangzhou 同, 同埋
Hong Kong 同, 同埋
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 同
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 同
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 同
Macau 同, 同埋
Taishan 同埋
Kaiping (Chikan) 同, 同埋
Dongguan 同, 同埋
Yangjiang 鄧, 同
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 同
Penang (Guangfu) 同
Singapore (Guangfu) 同
Gan Nanchang 跟, 同
Lichuan 和
Pingxiang 同, 跟
Hakka Meixian 同, 摎
Yudu 澗
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 摎
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 同
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 摎
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 同
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 摎
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 和
Hong Kong 摎
Kuching (Hepo) 佮
Huizhou Jixi 搭
Jin Taiyuan 和, 跟
Xinzhou 給
Northern Min Jian'ou 邀
Jian'ou (Dikou) 邀, 儉, 教
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 邀
Pucheng (Shibei) 邀, 跟
Eastern Min Fuzhou 共
Changle 共
Fuqing 共
Yongtai 共
Gutian 共
Fu'an 共
Ningde 共
Shouning 隨
Zhouning 傮, 共
Fuding 跟
Southern Min Xiamen 佮, 交
Xiamen (Tong'an) 佮
Quanzhou 佮, 交
Zhangzhou 佮
Tainan 佮
Penang (Hokkien) 佮
Singapore (Hokkien) 佮
Manila (Hokkien) 佮, 交
Chaozhou 佮, 共
Shantou 佮
Jieyang 佮
Singapore (Teochew) 佮
Pontianak (Teochew) 佮
Leizhou 共
Wenchang 共
Haikou 共
Qionghai 共
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 同, 同埋
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 跟, 邀
Wu Shanghai 脫, 脫仔, 得, 得仔, 搭, 搭仔, 交, 幫, 同, 跟
Shanghai (Chongming) 脫
Shanghai (Songjiang) 搭
Suzhou 搭, 搭仔
Danyang 同, 跟
Hangzhou 同
Ningbo 搭, 搭仔
Wenzhou 伉
Jinhua 亨, 跟
Xiang Changsha 跟
Loudi 跟
Shuangfeng 跟, 同

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

交

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to intersect
  2. to keep company with; to mix with
  3. to cross

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Related terms[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Kanji in this term
交
こもごも
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 交 – see the following entry.
【こもごも】
[adverb] alternating; one after another
[adverb] all mixed up and indistinct
Alternative spellings
交々, 相, 更
(This term, 交, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

交 (eumhun 사귈 교 (sagwil gyo))

  1. Hanja form? of 교 (“to intersect”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

交: Hán Nôm readings: giao

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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