入

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See also: 人 [U+4EBA CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EBA], 𠆢 [U+201A2 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-201A2], 八 [U+516B CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-516B], ㅅ [U+3145 HANGUL LETTER SIOS], ג [U+05D2 HEBREW LETTER GIMEL], and λ [U+03BB GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA]
入 U+5165, 入
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5165
← 兤
[U+5164] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 兦 →
[U+5166]
⼊ U+2F0A, ⼊
KANGXI RADICAL ENTER
← ⼉
[U+2F09] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼋ →
[U+2F0B]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 入
Simplified 入
Japanese 入
Korean 入
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 11 入

入 (Kangxi radical 11, 入+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 人竹 (OH), four-corner 80000, composition ⿹乀丿)

  1. Kangxi radical #11, ⼊.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 125, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1415
  • Dae Jaweon: page 266, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 102, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5165

Further reading[edit]

Chinese[edit]

trad. 入
simp. # 入

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 入
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j13031

j13032

j13033

j13034

j13035

j13036

j13037

j13038

j13039

j13040

j13041

j13042

j13043

j13044

j13045

j13046

j13047

j13048

j13049

j13050

j13051

j13052

j13053

j13054

j13055

j13056

j13057

j13058

j13059

j13060

j13061

File:ACC-j13062.svg

j13062

j13063

j13064

j13065

j13066

j13067

j13068

j13069

j13070

j13071

j13072

j13073

j13074

j13075

j13076

j13077

j13078

j13079

j13080

j13081

j13082

j13083

j13084

j13085

j13086

j13087

j13088

j13089

j13090

j13091

j13092

j13093

j13094

j13095

j13096

j13097

j13098

j13099

j13100

j13101

j13102

j13103

j13104

j13105

j13106

j13107

j13108

j13109

j13110

j13111

j13112

j13113

j13114

j13115

j13116

j13117

j13118

j13119

j13120

j13121

j13122

j13123

j13124

j13125

Bronze inscriptions

b08057

b08058

b08059

b08060

b08061

b08062

b08063

b08064

b08065

b08066

b08067

b08068

b08069

b08070

b08071

b08072

b08073

b08074

b08075

b08076

Small seal script

s03777

Transcribed ancient scripts

L38521

L38522

L29087

L29088

L29089

L29090

L29091

L29092

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogram (指事) - an arrowhead indicating "to enter".

Compare 人 (rén).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nup ~ nip. Cognate with Tibetan ནུབ (nub, “to fall (gradually), sink, to set; to decay, to decline”) and Burmese နိပ် (nip, “to decline (e.g. price); to be suppressed, to settle, to be quelled”).

Chinese characters belonging to the same word family include:

  • 納 (OC *nuːb, “to make enter”)
  • 內 (OC *nuːbs, “inside”)
  • 軜 (OC *nuːb, “reins on the inside of the horse”)
  • 妠 (OC *nuːms, *nuːb, *rnoːd, “to marry (a girl)”)
  • and potentially Cantonese 擸 (laap3, “to bring together, to collect”)

The regular Mandarin pronunciation as predicted from Middle Chinese is rì. The irregular sound change is for taboo reasons - to avoid homophony with its derived vulgar meaning "to enter > to have sexual intercourse", nowadays represented by 日 (rì).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ĭk - literary;
  • nĭk - vernacular.
Note: rig8 - Chenghai.
Note:
  • 5zeq - literary;
  • 5nyiq - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 入
Mandarin Beijing /ʐu⁵¹/
Harbin /lu⁵³/
/ʐu⁵³/
Tianjin /iu⁵³/
/ʐu⁵³/
Jinan /lu²¹/
Qingdao /y⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʐu²⁴/
Xi'an /vu²¹/
Xining /v̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʐu¹³/
Lanzhou /vu¹³/
Ürümqi /ʐu²¹³/
/vu²¹³/
Wuhan /y²¹³/
Chengdu /zu³¹/
Guiyang /zu²¹/
Kunming /ʐu³¹/
Nanjing /ʐuʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʐuəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /zuəʔ²/ 出～
/zəʔ²/ ～怪
Pingyao /zuʌʔ⁵³/
/zz̩ʷ⁵³/ 伸
Hohhot /ʐuəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
Suzhou /zəʔ³/
Hangzhou /zəʔ²/
Wenzhou /zai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /y²²/
Tunxi /ie¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /y²⁴/
Xiangtan /y²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /lɨʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋip̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ŋip̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐp̚²/
Nanning /jɐp̚²²/
Hong Kong /jɐp̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lip̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /niʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ni⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /zip̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zip̚⁵/
/zip̚³/
Rime
Character 入
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 侵 (141)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 人執切
Baxter nyip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵip̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑjep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵip̚/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiəp̚/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jap6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 入
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		rù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyip ›
Old
Chinese 		/*n[u]p/
English enter

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 入
Reading # 1/1
No. 10885
Phonetic
component 		入
Rime
group 		緝
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		入
Old
Chinese 		/*njub/

Definitions[edit]

入

  1. to enter; to go into
    入嚟坐啦！ [Cantonese]  ―  jap6 lai4 co5 laa1! [Jyutping]  ―  Come in and sit!
    入春  ―  rùchūn  ―  to enter into spring
    病從口入，禍從口出 [MSC, trad.]
    病从口入，祸从口出 [MSC, simp.]
    bìng cóng kǒu rù, huò cóng kǒu chū [Pinyin]
    illness comes in via the mouth because of food and trouble goes out via the mouth because of words
    Synonym: 進／进 (jìn)
    Antonym: 出 (chū)
  2. to join; to become a member of
    加入  ―  jiārù  ―  to join
    入黨／入党  ―  rùdǎng  ―  to join a political party
  3. (literary) to accept; to admit
  4. (literary) to pay
  5. income
    收入  ―  shōurù  ―  income
    歲入／岁入  ―  suìrù  ―  annual income
  6. to confirm; to agree
    入情入理  ―  rùqíngrùlǐ  ―  to be fair and reasonable
  7. to arrive (at); to attain
  8. (literary) to enter the imperial government and become an official
  9. (telephony) to get through
    Synonym: 通
  10. (Cantonese) in; inside
    Antonym: 出 (Cantonese)
    入面 [Cantonese]  ―  jap6 min6 [Jyutping]  ―  inside
  11. (Cantonese) to stock up on
  12. (Cantonese) to submit
    入表 [Cantonese]  ―  jap6 biu2 [Jyutping]  ―  to submit a form to the government
  13. (Cantonese) to input; to enter; to type into a computer
    入分 [Cantonese]  ―  jap6 fan1 [Jyutping]  ―  to input scores
    入資料／入资料 [Cantonese]  ―  jap6 zi1 liu6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to enter data
  14. (Cantonese) to put something into
    入信封 [Cantonese]  ―  jap6 seon3 fung1 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    入袋 [Cantonese]  ―  jap6 doi6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  15. (literary, dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Wu, vulgar) to fuck; to have sexual intercourse
    Synonym: 日
  16. (Chinese phonetics) Short for 入聲／入声 (rùshēng, “the checked tone”).
    陽入／阳入  ―  yángrù  ―  light checked tone

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 進 (“to enter”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 入
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 進
Mandarin Beijing 進
Taiwan 進
Jinan 進
Luoyang 進
Wanrong 進
Xi'an 進
Yinchuan 進
Ürümqi 進
Chengdu 進
Guiyang 進
Guilin 進
Yangzhou 進
Malaysia 進
Singapore 進
Cantonese Guangzhou 入
Hong Kong 入
Taishan 入
Dongguan 入
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 入
Singapore (Guangfu) 入
Gan Lichuan 進
Hakka Meixian 入
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 落, 入
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 入, 落
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 落, 入
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 入, 落
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 落, 入
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 入
Huizhou Jixi 進
Jin Xinzhou 進
Northern Min Jian'ou 裡
Eastern Min Fuzhou 裡
Matsu 裡
Singapore (Fuqing) 裡
Southern Min Xiamen 入
Quanzhou 入
Zhangzhou 入
Zhao'an 入
Tainan 入
Penang (Hokkien) 入
Singapore (Hokkien) 入
Manila (Hokkien) 入
Shantou 入
Jieyang 入
Singapore (Teochew) 入
Leizhou 入
Wenchang 入
Haikou 入
Singapore (Hainanese) 入
Wu Shanghai 進
Danyang 進
Jinhua 進

See also[edit]

The tones (of Chinese) in Mandarin · 聲調／声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text)
平仄 (píngzè) 平 (píng)
平聲／平声 (píngshēng) 		仄 (zè)
仄聲／仄声 (zèshēng)
平上去入 (píngshǎngqùrù)
四聲／四声 (sìshēng) 		平 (píng)
平聲／平声 (píngshēng) 		上 (shǎng)
上聲／上声 (shǎngshēng) 		去 (qù)
去聲／去声 (qùshēng) 		入 (rù)
入聲／入声 (rùshēng)
標調方法／标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ)
標調法／标调法 		四角標調法／四角标调法 ꜀◌ ꜂◌ ◌꜄ ◌꜆
[Term?] ◌〪 ◌〫 ◌〬 ◌〭
傍點／傍点 ∅ ◌〮 ◌〯 ∅
四聲八調／四声八调 陰平／阴平 (yīnpíng) 陽平／阳平 (yángpíng) 陰上／阴上 (yīnshǎng) 陽上／阳上 (yángshǎng) 陰去／阴去 (yīnqù) 陽去／阳去 (yángqù) 陰入／阴入 (yīnrù) 陽入／阳入 (yángrù)
陰／阴 (yīn) 陽／阳 (yáng)
標調方法／标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ)
標調法／标调法 		四角標調法／四角标调法 ꜀◌ ꜁◌ ꜂◌ ꜃◌ ◌꜄ ◌꜅ ◌꜆ ◌꜇
The tones (of Standard Mandarin) in Mandarin · 聲調／声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text)
四聲／四声 (sìshēng) 陰平／阴平 (yīnpíng)
一聲／一声 		陽平／阳平 (yángpíng)
二聲／二声 (èrshēng) 		上聲／上声 (shǎngshēng)
三聲／三声 (sānshēng) 		去聲／去声 (qùshēng)
四聲／四声 (sìshēng) 		輕聲／轻声 (qīngshēng)

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

入

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to enter
  2. to insert

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
入
い(り)
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

The 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 入(い)る (iru, “to go in, to be in”)..[1][2][3][4]

Attested as a standalone noun since the early 1200s.[2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

  1. [from early 1200s] entering, going in
  2. [from 1693] setting, such as a sunset or moonset (from the idea of the sun or moon going into the horizon)
  3. [from 1441] the beginning or first day of a period of time
  4. [date unclear] income, takings
    Synonym: 収入 (shūnyū)
  5. [from 1774] a subtotal or portion of some larger payment amount
    Synonym: 内金 (uchikin)
  6. [from 1929] an expense, an amount needed
  7. [from 1675] the amount of people or things that fit into a space: capacity; admission, admittance
    Synonyms: 容量 (yōryō, capacity), 入場者数 (nyūjō shasū, admission, number of people who have entered)
  8. [date uncertain] "on" switch, the "on" position for a switch
    Antonym: 切 (kiri)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
入
しお
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Counter[edit]

入(しお) • (-shio) 

  1. (archaic) counter for soakings (of fabric in a dye)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 “入”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 入 (MC nyip).

Historical readings

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

入 (eumhun 들 입 (deul ip))

  1. Hanja form? of 입 (“enter”).
  2. Hanja form? of 입 (“come in (to); join”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

入: Hán Việt readings: nhập[1][2][3]
入: Nôm readings: nhập[2][3], nhạp[3][4], nhấp[1], nhắp[1], vào[1], nhép[3], nhẹp[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of nhập (“to enter; to join”).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
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