憾

憾 U+61BE, 憾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61BE ← 憽 [U+61BD] CJK Unified Ideographs 憿 → [U+61BF]

Translingual

Han character

憾 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 心戈口心 (PIRP), four-corner 9303₅, composition ⿰忄感)

Derived characters

• 𡄏, 𥩇

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 405, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11312
• Dae Jaweon: page 745, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2360, character 12
• Unihan data for U+61BE

Chinese

trad.		憾
simp. #		憾
2nd round simp.		𰑞
alternative forms		感

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (咸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
感	*kɯːmʔ
鱤	*kɯːmʔ
顑	*kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms
轗	*kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms
撼	*ɡɯːmʔ
憾	*ɡɯːms
喊	*qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
緘	*krɯːm
瑊	*krɯːm, *kjum
黬	*krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm
減	*krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
羬	*ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram
麙	*ŋɡrɯːm
咸	*ɡrɯːm
鹹	*ɡrɯːm
醎	*ɡrɯːm
諴	*ɡrɯːm
椷	*ɡrɯːm
輱	*ɡrɯːm
鍼	*ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm
箴	*kjɯm
葴	*kjɯm
鱵	*kjum

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːms) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 感 (OC *kɯːmʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): hàn (han⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): han⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ham⁶
• Eastern Min (BUC): hâng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hām

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ham⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
    • Wade–Giles: han⁴
    • Yale: hàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
    • Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: han⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xan²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ham⁶
    • Yale: hahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ham⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: hem⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm²²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɑŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hām
    • Tâi-lô: hām
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ham
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ham²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ham⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ham³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ham³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ham⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hăm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ham³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: homH

Rime
Character	憾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡紺切
Baxter	homH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʌmH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦəmH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɒmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəmH/
Li Rong	/ɣᴀmH/
Wang Li	/ɣɒmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣămH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kˤ[ə]mʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	憾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hàn
Middle Chinese	‹ homH ›
Old Chinese	/*N-kˁ[ə]mʔ-s/
English	dissatisfied
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憾
Reading #	1/1
No.	13504
Phonetic component	咸
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	憾
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯːms/

Definitions

憾

1. to hate; to resent
2. to regret

   憾事  ―  hànshì  ―  regrettable matter

   • 是使民養生喪死無憾也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     是使民养生丧死无憾也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Shì shǐ mín yǎng shēng sàng sǐ wú hàn yě. [Pinyin]

     [T]his enables the people to nourish their living and mourn for their dead, without any feeling against any.

Compounds

• 宿憾
• 憾事 (hànshì)
• 憾恨
• 抱憾 (bàohàn)
• 抱憾終生／抱憾终生 (bàohànzhōngshēng)
• 欿憾
• 無憾／无憾 (wúhàn)
• 終身遺憾／终身遗憾
• 缺憾 (quēhàn)
• 遺憾／遗憾 (yíhàn)
• 遺珠之憾／遗珠之憾
• 釋憾／释憾 (shìhàn)

 

Japanese

Kanji

憾

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. remorse

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
• Kun: うらむ (uramu, 憾む)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
憾
かん Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 憾 (MC homH).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Affix

憾(かん) • (kan) 

1. remorse; regret

Korean

Hanja

憾 (eum 감 (gam))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

憾: Hán Nôm readings: hám, hóm, gớm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.