서다

Korean

Alternative forms

• 스다 (seuda) — colloquial, dialectal

Etymology

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔다〮 (Yale: syètá).

Likely from pre-Middle Korean *ᄉᆢ다〮 (*syòtá) as demonstrated by the Middle Korean infinitive 셔〮아〮 (syéá) and Jeju ᄉᆞ다 (sawda), 사다 (sada).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰʌ̹da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [서다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	seoda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	seoda
McCune–Reischauer?	sŏda
Yale Romanization?	seta

Verb

Korean verb set

Base	서다 (seoda)
Causative	세우다 (se'uda)

서다 • (seoda) (infinitive 서어, sequential 서니)

1. to stand
2. to stop, to halt

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 서다 (seoda): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	선다 seonda	서어 seo'eo	서어요 seo'eoyo	섭니다 seomnida
	Past	서었다 seo'eotda	서었어 seo'eosseo	서었어요 seo'eosseoyo	서었습니다 seo'eotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	서느냐 seoneunya	서어 seo'eo	서어요 seo'eoyo	섭니까 seomnikka
	Past	서었느냐 seo'eonneunya	서었어 seo'eosseo	서었어요 seo'eosseoyo	서었습니까 seo'eotseumnikka
Hortative		서자 seoja	서어 seo'eo	서어요 seo'eoyo	서십시다 seosipsida
Imperative		서어라 seo'eora	서어 seo'eo	서어요 seo'eoyo	섭시오 seopsio
Assertive		서겠다 seogetda	서겠어 seogesseo	서겠어요 seogesseoyo	서겠습니다 seogetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		서어 seo'eo	서어서 seo'eoseo	서니 seoni	서니까 seonikka
Contrast		서지만 seojiman	서는데 seoneunde	서더니 seodeoni
Conjunction		서고 seogo
Condition		서면 seomyeon	서어야 seo'eoya
Motive		서려고 seoryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		섬 seom	서기 seogi
Past-tense verbal nouns		서었음 seo'eosseum	서었기 seo'eotgi
Determiners	Past	선 seon
	Present	서는 seoneun
	Future	설 seol

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	서신다 seosinda	서셔 seosyeo	서세요, 서셔요 seoseyo, seosyeoyo	서십니다 seosimnida
	Past	서셨다 seosyeotda	서셨어 seosyeosseo	서셨어요 seosyeosseoyo	서셨습니다 seosyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	서시느냐 seosineunya	서셔 seosyeo	서세요, 서셔요 seoseyo, seosyeoyo	서십니까 seosimnikka
	Past	서셨느냐 seosyeonneunya	서셨어 seosyeosseo	서셨어요 seosyeosseoyo	서셨습니까 seosyeotseumnikka
Imperative		서시라 seosira	서셔 seosyeo	서세요 seoseyo	서십시오 seosipsio
Assertive		서시겠다 seosigetda	서시겠어 seosigesseo	서시겠어요 seosigesseoyo	서시겠습니다 seosigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		서셔 seosyeo	서셔서 seosyeoseo	서시니 seosini	서시니까 seosinikka
Contrast		서시지만 seosijiman	서시는데 seosineunde	서시더니 seosideoni
Conjunction		서시고 seosigo
Condition		서시면 seosimyeon	서셔야 seosyeoya
Motive		서시려고 seosiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		서심 seosim	서시기 seosigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		서셨음 seosyeosseum	서셨기 seosyeotgi
Determiners	Past	서신 seosin
	Present	서시는 seosineun
	Future	서실 seosil