íílééh

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Etymology

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ʼá- (thus) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier)-nééh (imperfective stem of root -YAA, “to make”).

Classifier and stem-initial merge as follows:

  • ł + -nééh > -∅-lééh
  • ł + -yaa > -∅-laa

The stem initial reappears under d-effect (1st person duoplural and passives):

  • d + ł + -nééh > -l-nééh
  • d + ł + -yaa > -l-yaa.

Verb

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íílééh

  1. he/she is making it
    Bááh ádeiilnééh.We are making bread.
  2. (with łahgo) he/she is changing it, altering it
  3. (with ąą) he/she is opening it

Usage notes

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  1. Both áshłaa and íishłaa are acceptable first-person singular perfective forms of this verb.
  2. the perfective is highly irregular, and appears to follow a yii-imperfective paradigm.
  3. Iterative and usitative use the suppletive stem -ʼįįh, from root -ʼĮĮD, of similar meaning.

Conjugation

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Paradigm: Momentaneous (∅/yi), with some irregularities.

IMPERFECTIVE singular duoplural plural
1st person áshłééh íilnééh ádeiilnééh
2nd person ánílééh óhłééh ádaahłééh
3rd person íílééh ádeilééh
4th person ájílééh ádajilééh
Other forms
Unspecified person Spatial person Passive A Passive B
álnééh ábiʼdilnééh
PERFECTIVE singular duoplural plural
1st person áshłaa, íishłaa íilyaa ádeiilyaa
2nd person íinilaa óohłaa ádaoohłaa
3rd person áyiilaa ádayiilaa
4th person ájiilaa ádajiilaa
Other forms
Unspecified person Spatial person Passive A Passive B
ályaa ábiʼdiilyaa
FUTURE singular duoplural plural
1st person ádeeshłííł ádiilnííł ádadiilnííł
2nd person ádíílííł ádoohłííł ádadoohłííł
3rd person íidoolííł ádeidoolííł
4th person ázhdoolííł ádazhdoolííł
Other forms
Unspecified person Spatial person Passive A Passive B
ádoolnííł ábidiʼdoolnííł
ITERATIVE singular duoplural plural
1st person ánéishʼįįh ánéiilʼįįh áńdeiilʼįįh
2nd person ánéilʼįįh ánáoołʼįįh áńdaoołʼįįh
3rd person ánáyiilʼįįh áńdayiilʼįįh
4th person áńjiilʼįįh áńdajiilʼįįh