εἶρος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

This word ultimately continues *ϝέρϝος (*wérwos), from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥h₁ḗn (“lamb”), the same root of Latin vervēx (“wether”) and ἀρήν (arḗn, “lamb”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /êː.ros/ → /ˈi.ros/ → /ˈi.ros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /êː.ros/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ros/

Noun

εἶρος • (eîros) n (genitive εἴρεος); third declension

1. wool

   Synonym: ἔρῐον (érion)

2. cottonweed (Otanthus maritimus)

   Synonym: γνᾰφᾰ́λλῐον (gnaphállion)

3. kind of fever

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ εἶρος; τοῦ εἴρεος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ εἶρος tò eîros	τὼ εἴρεε tṑ eíree	τᾰ̀ εἴρεᾰ tà eírea
Genitive	τοῦ εἴρεος toû eíreos	τοῖν εἰρέοιν toîn eiréoin	τῶν εἰρέων tôn eiréōn
Dative	τῷ εἴρεῐ̈ tôi eíreï	τοῖν εἰρέοιν toîn eiréoin	τοῖς εἴρεσῐ / εἴρεσῐν toîs eíresi(n)
Accusative	τὸ εἶρος tò eîros	τὼ εἴρεε tṑ eíree	τᾰ̀ εἴρεᾰ tà eírea
Vocative	εἶρος eîros	εἴρεε eíree	εἴρεᾰ eírea
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• εἰροκόμος (eirokómos)
• εἰροπόκος (eiropókos)
• εἰροπόνος (eiropónos)
• εἰροχᾰρής (eirokharḗs)
• εὔειρος (eúeiros)

 

Further reading

• “εἶρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “εἶρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• εἶρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• εἶρος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “εἶρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 392