κάρχαρος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• κάρκαρος (kárkaros)

Etymology

Unknown, probably onomatopoeic, from an earlier reduplicated stem *kʰar-kʰar-. The variation may also indicate Pre-Greek origin.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kár.kʰa.ros/ → /ˈkar.xa.ros/ → /ˈkar.xa.ros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kár.kʰa.ros/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.kʰa.ros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.xa.ros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.xa.ros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.xa.ros/

Adjective

κάρχᾰρος • (kárkharos) m or f (neuter κάρχᾰρον); second declension or
κάρχᾰρος • (kárkharos) m (feminine καρχάρᾱ, neuter κάρχᾰρον); first/second declension

1. sharp-pointed, jagged, with sharp or jagged teeth
2. (figurative) sharp, biting (of language)

Declension

As a two-ending adjective:

Second declension of κᾰ́ρχᾰρος; κᾰ́ρχᾰρον (Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		κᾰ́ρχᾰρος kárkharos	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kárkharon		κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō		κᾰ́ρχᾰροι kárkharoi	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kárkhara
Genitive		κᾰρχᾰ́ρου karkhárou	κᾰρχᾰ́ρου karkhárou		κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν karkhároin	κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν karkhároin		κᾰρχᾰ́ρων karkhárōn	κᾰρχᾰ́ρων karkhárōn
Dative		κᾰρχᾰ́ρῳ karkhárōi	κᾰρχᾰ́ρῳ karkhárōi		κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν karkhároin	κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν karkhároin		κᾰρχᾰ́ροις karkhárois	κᾰρχᾰ́ροις karkhárois
Accusative		κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kárkharon	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kárkharon		κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō		κᾰρχᾰ́ρους karkhárous	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kárkhara
Vocative		κᾰ́ρχᾰρε kárkhare	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kárkharon		κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō		κᾰ́ρχᾰροι kárkharoi	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kárkhara
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		κᾰρχᾰ́ρως karkhárōs			κᾰρχᾰρώτερος karkharṓteros			κᾰρχᾰρώτᾰτος karkharṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

As a three-ending adjective:

First and second declension of κᾰ́ρχᾰρος; κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ; κᾰ́ρχᾰρον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		κᾰ́ρχᾰρος kárkharos	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ karkhárā	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kárkharon		κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ karkhárā	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō		κᾰ́ρχᾰροι kárkharoi	κᾰ́ρχᾰραι kárkharai	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kárkhara
Genitive		κᾰρχᾰ́ρου karkhárou	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱς karkhárās	κᾰρχᾰ́ρου karkhárou		κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν karkhároin	κᾰρχᾰ́ραιν karkhárain	κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν karkhároin		κᾰρχᾰ́ρων karkhárōn	κᾰρχᾰ́ρων karkhárōn	κᾰρχᾰ́ρων karkhárōn
Dative		κᾰρχᾰ́ρῳ karkhárōi	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾳ karkhárāi	κᾰρχᾰ́ρῳ karkhárōi		κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν karkhároin	κᾰρχᾰ́ραιν karkhárain	κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν karkhároin		κᾰρχᾰ́ροις karkhárois	κᾰρχᾰ́ραις karkhárais	κᾰρχᾰ́ροις karkhárois
Accusative		κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kárkharon	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱν karkhárān	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kárkharon		κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ karkhárā	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō		κᾰρχᾰ́ρους karkhárous	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱς karkhárās	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kárkhara
Vocative		κᾰ́ρχᾰρε kárkhare	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ karkhárā	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kárkharon		κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ karkhárā	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō		κᾰ́ρχᾰροι kárkharoi	κᾰ́ρχᾰραι kárkharai	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kárkhara
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		κᾰρχᾰ́ρως karkhárōs				κᾰρχᾰρώτερος karkharṓteros				κᾰρχᾰρώτᾰτος karkharṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• καρχαρέος (karkharéos)
• καρχαρίᾱς (karkharíās)
• καρχαρόδους (karkharódous)
• καρχαρόδων (karkharódōn)

 

Descendants

• →⇒ Translingual: Carcharodon, Carcharodontosaurus

Further reading

• κάρχαρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• “κάρχαρος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011
• “κάρχαρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press