گرد

See also: گرڈ, کرد, كرد, and گرَٛد

Central Kurdish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡəɾd/

Noun

گرد (gird)

1. hill (elevated location)

Khalaj

Noun

گَرد (gərd) (definite accusative گَردی, plural گَردلَر)

1. Arabic spelling of gərd (“dust”)

Declension

Declension of گرد

	singular	plural
nominative	گرد	گردلَر
genitive	گردۆݧ	گردلَریݧ
dative	گردکه	گردلَرکه
definite accusative	گردۆ	گردلَری
locative	گردچه	گردلَرچه
ablative	گردده	گردلَرده
instrumental	گردله	گردلَرله
equative	گردوارا	گردلَروارا

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wrd-), [script needed] (wlt- /⁠ward-⁠/, “to turn, twist, writhe”), from Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎫 (vart-), from the Proto-Iranian root *wart- (“to turn”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wart-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, rotate”).

Cognates include Sanskrit वर्त्ति (vártti), वर्तते (vártate, “to turn, roll”), Proto-Slavic *vьrtě̀ti (“to turn”), Latin vertere (“to turn”), German werden (“to turn (into), become”), English worth; also Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙- (var^ət-), Khotanese [script needed] (bal- /⁠baḍ-⁠/, “to move, writhe”), Parthian [script needed] (wrt-), [script needed] (wrd-), Sogdian wrtn.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɡiɾð]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡɪɹd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡɪɹd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡɪɹd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡiɹd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʲeɹd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡiɹd̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	gird
Iranian reading?	gerd
Tajik reading?	gird

Adjective

Dari	گرد
Iranian Persian
Tajik	гирд

گرد • (gerd)

2. round, circular

Derived terms

• گردی (gerdi)
• گردالی (gerdàli)

Related terms

• گردیدن (gardidan, “to rotate, spin, circulate”)
• گردو (gerdu, “walnut”)

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gard, “dust”), ultimately from the same root as the verb گَشتَن (gaštan, “to wander around”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɡaɾð]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡäɹd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡäɹd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡäɹd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡäɹd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʲæɹd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡäɹd̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	gard
Iranian reading?	gard
Tajik reading?	gard

Noun

گرد • (gard)

1. dust
2. powder

Related terms

• گرده (garde, “pollen”)

Descendants

• → Khalaj: gərd

Etymology 3

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gurd, “hero”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɡuɾð]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʊɹd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʊɹd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡʊɹd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡuɹd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡ̥oɹd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡuɹd̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	gurd
Iranian reading?	gord
Tajik reading?	gurd

Noun

گرد • (gord)

1. hero

Etymology 4

From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭫𐭲 (-klt /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/), from Old Persian [script needed] (-kṛta, “made, done”), from Proto-Iranian *-kr̥táh, from the adjective *kr̥táh (“made, done”) (compare Avestan 𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (kər^əta), Old Persian 𐎣𐎼𐎫 (k-r-t /⁠karta⁠/), Inscriptional Parthian -𐭊𐭓𐭕 (-krt /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (compare Sanskrit कृत (kṛtá)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷr̥tós, from the root *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

Alternative forms

• جرد (-jerd)

Suffix

گرد • (-gerd or -gard)

1. Suffix used to form city names.

Derived terms

Persian terms suffixed with گرد