ἄχθος

See also: άχθος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἄχθομαι (ákhthomai, “to be loaded”) +‎ -ος (-os), which is from Proto-Indo-European *h₂edʰǵʰ- (“to squeeze, (op)press”), the same root of Hittite [script needed] (ḫatk-, “to shut, close”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ákʰ.tʰos/ → /ˈax.θos/ → /ˈax.θos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ákʰ.tʰos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈakʰ.tʰos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈax.θos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈax.θos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈax.θos/

Noun

ἄχθος • (ákhthos) n (genitive ἄχθεος); third declension

1. burden, load, weight
2. load of grief, sorrow

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ ᾰ̓́χθος; τοῦ ᾰ̓́χθεος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ᾰ̓́χθος tò ákhthos	τὼ ᾰ̓́χθεε tṑ ákhthee	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χθεᾰ tà ákhthea
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̓́χθεος toû ákhtheos	τοῖν ᾰ̓χθέοιν toîn akhthéoin	τῶν ᾰ̓χθέων tôn akhthéōn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̓́χθεῐ̈ tôi ákhtheï	τοῖν ᾰ̓χθέοιν toîn akhthéoin	τοῖς ᾰ̓́χθεσῐ / ᾰ̓́χθεσῐν toîs ákhthesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ ᾰ̓́χθος tò ákhthos	τὼ ᾰ̓́χθεε tṑ ákhthee	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χθεᾰ tà ákhthea
Vocative	ᾰ̓́χθος ákhthos	ᾰ̓́χθεε ákhthee	ᾰ̓́χθεᾰ ákhthea
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἀχθεινός (akhtheinós)
• ἀχθέω (akhthéō)
• ἀχθηδών (akhthēdṓn)
• ἀχθήεις (akhthḗeis)
• ἀχθήμων (akhthḗmōn)
• ἀχθηρής (akhthērḗs)
• ἀχθηρός (akhthērós)
• ἀχθίζω (akhthízō)
• ἀχθοφόρος (akhthophóros)

 

Descendants

• → Greek: άχθος (áchthos)

Further reading

• “ἄχθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἄχθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἄχθος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἄχθος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN