人參

Chinese

		man; person; people	ginseng
trad. (人參/人蔘)		人	參/蔘
simp. (人参)		人	参

Etymology

Referring to the root's characteristic forked shape, resembling the legs of a man.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rénshēn

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ㄕㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jan⁴ sam¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): 'liin⁴ sen¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngìn-sêm
• Eastern Min (BUC): ìng-sĕng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): jîn-sim / lîn-sim / jîn-song / lîn-song / lîn-serm / jîn-sam / lîn-sam / jîn-som / lîn-som / gîn-som

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ring⁵ siam¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rénshēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ㄕㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rénshen
    • Wade–Giles: jên²-shên¹
    • Yale: rén-shēn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renshen
    • Palladius: жэньшэнь (žɛnʹšɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən³⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 人參／人参 人身 壬申

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jan⁴ sam¹
    • Yale: yàhn sām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jan⁴ sam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yen⁴ sem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 人參／人参 人心 仁心

• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: 'liin⁴ sen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈlɨn³⁵ sɛn⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngìn-sêm
    • Hakka Romanization System: nginˇ sem´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngin² sem¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋin¹¹ sem²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ìng-sĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(s-)nɛiŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Sanxia)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-sim
    • Tâi-lô: jîn-sim
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jinsym
    • IPA (Tainan, Yilan): /d͡zin²⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin²³⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-sim
    • Tâi-lô: lîn-sim
    • Phofsit Daibuun: linsym
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kinmen): /lin²⁴⁻¹² sim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ sim⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-song
    • Tâi-lô: jîn-song
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jinsofng
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-song
    • Tâi-lô: lîn-song
    • Phofsit Daibuun: linsofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² sɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-serm
    • Tâi-lô: lîn-serm
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /lin²⁴⁻²² səm³³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-sam
    • Tâi-lô: jîn-sam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jinsafm
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin²³⁻³³ sam⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-sam
    • Tâi-lô: lîn-sam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: linsafm
    • IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ sam⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-som
    • Tâi-lô: jîn-som
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jinsofm
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin¹³⁻²² sɔm⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin²³⁻³³ sɔm⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-som
    • Tâi-lô: lîn-som
    • Phofsit Daibuun: linsofm
    • IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ sɔm⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gîn-som
    • Tâi-lô: gîn-som
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ginsofm
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ring⁵ siam¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jîng siam
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ziŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siam³³/

Noun

人參

1. ginseng (any of several plants, of the genus Panax)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 人參 (“ginseng”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		人參
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	人參
	Singapore	人參
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	人參
	Wanrong	人參
	Xi'an	人參
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	參
Cantonese	Guangzhou	參
	Hong Kong	人參, 參
Gan	Nanchang	人參
	Lichuan	人參
	Pingxiang	人參, 參
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	參
Southern Min	Xiamen	人參
	Quanzhou	人參
	Zhangzhou	人參
	Tainan	參仔
	Leizhou	參
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	人參
Wu	Suzhou	人參

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (人參):

• → Japanese: 人(ニン)参(ジン) (ninjin)
• → Korean: 인삼(人蔘) (insam)
• → Vietnamese: nhân sâm (人參)

Others:

• → English: ginseng
• → Russian: женьшень (ženʹšenʹ)

See also

• 補益藥／补益药 (bǔyìyào)
• 藥材／药材 (yàocái, “medicinal materials in traditional Chinese medicine”)

References

• Duffus, William (1883) “ginseng”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 122

Japanese

Kanji in this term
人	參
にん Grade: 1	じん Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Noun

人(にん)參(じん) • (ninjin) 

1. Kyūjitai form of 人参 (“carrot”)

Korean

Hanja in this term
人	參

Noun

人參 • (insam) (hangeul 인삼)

1. Alternative form of 人蔘

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
人	參

Noun

人參

1. chữ Hán form of nhân sâm (“ginseng”).