助動詞

See also: 助动词

Chinese

		to help; to assist	verb
trad. (助動詞)		助	動詞
simp. (助动词)		助	动词

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhùdòngcí

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zo⁶ dung⁶ ci⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chō͘-tōng-sû

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhùdòngcí
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhùdòngcíh
    • Wade–Giles: chu⁴-tung⁴-tzʻŭ²
    • Yale: jù-dùng-tsź
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juhdonqtsyr
    • Palladius: чжудунцы (čžuduncy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zo⁶ dung⁶ ci⁴
    • Yale: joh duhng chìh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzo⁶ dung⁶ tsi⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: zo⁶ dung⁶ qi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔː²² tʊŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chō͘-tōng-sû
    • Tâi-lô: tsōo-tōng-sû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoxdoxngsuu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔ²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² su²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔ³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ su²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔ³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ³³⁻²¹ su²³/

Noun

助動詞

1. (grammar) auxiliary verb

Japanese

Kanji in this term
助	動	詞
じょ Grade: 3	どう Grade: 3	し Grade: 6
goon	kan’yōon	kan’on

Examples (Japanese or Korean grammar)
Passive voice, with verb-like inflection: れる/られる Past tense/perfect aspect, with special inflection: た/だ Negative, with adjective-like inflection: ない Particle, uninflected: ば

Etymology

助 (“to help”) +‎ 動詞 (“verb”), literally “helping verb”

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じょど​ーし [jòdóꜜòshì] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑo̞do̞ːɕi]

Noun

助(じょ)動(どう)詞(し) • (jodōshi) 

1. (non-Japanese and non-Korean grammar) an auxiliary verb
2. (Japanese or Korean grammar) a class of 付属語 (fuzokugo, “bound forms”) that attach to 用言 (yōgen, “inflected words”) to add additional grammatical functions, such as tense, aspects, mood, evidentiality, etc.; strictly speaking, they must have verb-like inflection; broadly speaking, they include forms with adjective-like inflection and uninflected particles

See also

• 補(ほ)助(じょ)動(どう)詞(し) (hojo dōshi)

References

• Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
助	動	詞

Noun

助動詞 • (jodongsa) (hangeul 조동사)

1. Hanja form^? of 조동사 (“auxiliary verb”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
助	動	詞

Noun

助動詞

1. chữ Hán form of trợ động từ (“auxiliary verb”).