屈服

Chinese

		bent; feel wronged	clothes; dress; garment clothes; dress; garment; submit; take (medicine)
simp. and trad. (屈服)		屈	服
alternative forms		屈伏

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qūfú

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩ ㄈㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wat¹ fuk⁶

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khut-fu̍k
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khut-ho̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qūfú
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩ ㄈㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cyufú
    • Wade–Giles: chʻü¹-fu²
    • Yale: chyū-fú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiufwu
    • Palladius: цюйфу (cjujfu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ fu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: wat¹ fuk⁶
    • Yale: wāt fuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wat⁷ fuk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: wed¹ fug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐt̚⁵ fʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khut-fu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: kud` fug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kud⁵ fug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰut̚² fuk̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khut-ho̍k
    • Tâi-lô: khut-ho̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quthok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰut̚³²⁻⁴ hɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ hɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰut̚³²⁻⁵ hɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰut̚³²⁻⁴ hɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰut̚³²⁻⁴ hɔk̚⁴/

Verb

屈服

1. to surrender; to yield; to concede
2. (engineering, materials science, of a material specimen) to yield

Synonyms

• (to surrender):

• 屈從／屈从 (qūcóng)
• 投降 (tóuxiáng)
• 臣服 (chénfú)
• 降服

 

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “to surrender”):

• 不屈 (bùqū)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (屈服):

• → Korean: 굴복(屈服) (gulbok)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
屈	服
くつ > くっ Grade: S	ふく > ぷく Grade: 3
kan’on

Alternative spelling
屈伏

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 屈服 (MC kjut|khjut bjuwk, literally “bend; crouch + submit; obey”). Compare modern Hakka reading khiut-fu̍k.

The modern reading kuppuku is a shift from earlier kutsubuku.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) くっぷく [kùppúkú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝp̚pɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

屈(くっ)服(ぷく) • (kuppuku) 

1. surrender, submission, or subjection (as to a ruler or other authority)
2. prostration, kowtowing

Verb

屈(くっ)服(ぷく)する • (kuppuku suru) suru (stem 屈(くっ)服(ぷく)し (kuppuku shi), past 屈(くっ)服(ぷく)した (kuppuku shita))

1. to surrender, submit, or subject oneself (as to a ruler or other authority)
2. to prostrate oneself

Conjugation

Conjugation of "屈服する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	屈服し	くっぷくし	kuppuku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	屈服し	くっぷくし	kuppuku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	屈服する	くっぷくする	kuppuku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	屈服する	くっぷくする	kuppuku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	屈服すれ	くっぷくすれ	kuppuku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	屈服せよ¹ 屈服しろ²	くっぷくせよ¹ くっぷくしろ²	kuppuku seyo¹ kuppuku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	屈服される	くっぷくされる	kuppuku sareru
Causative	屈服させる 屈服さす	くっぷくさせる くっぷくさす	kuppuku saseru kuppuku sasu
Potential	屈服できる	くっぷくできる	kuppuku dekiru
Volitional	屈服しよう	くっぷくしよう	kuppuku shiyō
Negative	屈服しない	くっぷくしない	kuppuku shinai
Negative continuative	屈服せず	くっぷくせず	kuppuku sezu
Formal	屈服します	くっぷくします	kuppuku shimasu
Perfective	屈服した	くっぷくした	kuppuku shita
Conjunctive	屈服して	くっぷくして	kuppuku shite
Hypothetical conditional	屈服すれば	くっぷくすれば	kuppuku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative