悶

See also: 闷

悶 U+60B6, 悶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60B6 ← 悵 [U+60B5] CJK Unified Ideographs 悷 → [U+60B7]

Translingual

Han character

悶 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓心 (ANP), four-corner 7733₇, composition ⿵門心)

Derived characters

• 䉍

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1333, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10729
• Dae Jaweon: page 722, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4291, character 4
• Unihan data for U+60B6

Chinese

trad.		悶
simp.		闷
alternative forms		㥃 惛

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (門) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蔄	*roːs, *mruːns
闅	*min, *mrɯn, *mɯn
閩	*mrɯn, *mɯn
蕄	*mɯːŋ, *mrɯːŋ
門	*mɯːn
捫	*mɯːn
悶	*mɯːns
聞	*mɯn, *mɯns
閿	*mɯn
問	*mɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːns) : phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn) + semantic 心

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mun (“dark”) (STEDT). Cognate with 昏 (OC *hmɯːn, “dusk; dark”), Tibetan མུན་པ (mun pa, “darkness”), Burmese မှုန် (hmun, “dim; gloomy”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mèn, mēn (men⁴, men¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄣˋ, ㄇㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mun⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mun
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): būn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bhung⁷

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹men

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mèn
    • Wade–Giles: mên⁴
    • Yale: mèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: menn
    • Palladius: мэнь (mɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mən⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: men
    • Wade–Giles: mên¹
    • Yale: mēn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mhen
    • Palladius: мэнь (mɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mən⁵⁵/

Note:

• mèn - literal (“bored, gloomy, depressed”);
• mēn - vernacular (“stuffy”).

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mun⁶
    • Yale: muhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mun⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: mun⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /muːn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mun
    • Hakka Romanization System: mun
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mun⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /mun⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: būn
    • Tâi-lô: būn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bun
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bun²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bun⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bun²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bun³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bun³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bhung⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: būng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /buŋ¹¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹men
    • MiniDict: 'men^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹'men
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mən⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: mwonH

Rime
Character	悶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫困切
Baxter	mwonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muənH/
Pan Wuyun	/muonH/
Shao Rongfen	/muənH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwənH/
Li Rong	/muənH/
Wang Li	/muənH/
Bernard Karlgren	/muənH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mun6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	悶
Reading #	1/1
No.	8962
Phonetic component	門
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	悶
Old Chinese	/*mɯːns/

Definitions

悶

1. gloomy; depressed; melancholy
2. bored
3. stuffy

Compounds

• 不悶／不闷
• 受悶氣／受闷气
• 悶不作聲／闷不作声
• 悶不吭聲／闷不吭声
• 悶亂／闷乱
• 悶人／闷人
• 悶信／闷信
• 悶倦／闷倦
• 悶厭厭／闷厌厌
• 悶坐／闷坐
• 悶子車／闷子车
• 悶弓兒／闷弓儿
• 悶得慌／闷得慌
• 悶悶／闷闷
• 悶悶不已／闷闷不已
• 悶悶不樂／闷闷不乐 (mènmènbùlè)
• 悶悶渴渴／闷闷渴渴
• 悶懨懨／闷恹恹
• 悶損／闷损
• 悶數錢糧／闷数钱粮
• 悶昏昏／闷昏昏
• 悶板／闷板
• 悶棍／闷棍
• 悶氣／闷气
• 悶汗／闷汗
• 悶沌沌／闷沌沌
• 悶沉沉／闷沉沉
• 悶淹淹／闷淹淹
• 悶熱／闷热 (mēnrè)
• 悶瞀／闷瞀
• 悶聲不響／闷声不响 (mēnshēngbùxiǎng)
• 悶葫蘆／闷葫芦 (mènhúlu)
• 悶葫蘆罐／闷葫芦罐 (mènhúluguàn)
• 悶虧／闷亏 (mènkuī)
• 悶酒／闷酒 (mènjiǔ)
• 悶錶／闷表
• 悶雷／闷雷 (mènléi)
• 悶頭／闷头 (mēntóu)
• 悶香／闷香
• 悶騰騰／闷腾腾
• 愁山悶海／愁山闷海
• 愁悶／愁闷 (chóumèn)
• 憂悶／忧闷 (yōumèn)
• 憋悶／憋闷
• 懊悶／懊闷
• 打悶棍／打闷棍
• 打悶葫蘆／打闷葫芦
• 打悶雷／打闷雷
• 排悶／排闷
• 散悶／散闷
• 氣悶／气闷 (qìmèn)
• 沉悶／沉闷 (chénmèn)
• 消愁解悶／消愁解闷
• 消愁釋悶／消愁释闷
• 溼悶／湿闷
• 滯悶／滞闷
• 煩悶／烦闷 (fánmèn)
• 猜悶兒／猜闷儿
• 生悶氣／生闷气
• 發悶／发闷
• 納悶／纳闷 (nàmèn)
• 脫悶／脱闷
• 苦悶／苦闷 (kǔmèn)
• 藏悶兒／藏闷儿 (cángmēnr)
• 解悶／解闷 (jiěmèn)
• 解悶破寂／解闷破寂
• 迷留悶亂／迷留闷乱
• 逗悶子／逗闷子
• 遣悶／遣闷 (qiǎnmèn)
• 適悶／适闷
• 頭昏腦悶／头昏脑闷
• 鬥悶子／斗闷子
• 鬱悶／郁闷 (yùmèn)
• 鱉悶／鳖闷

 

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01384

Japanese

Kanji

悶

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: もん (mon)
• Kan-on: ぼん (bon)
• Kun: もだえる (modaeru, 悶える)^{←もだえる (modaeru, 悶える, historical)←もだ𛀁る (modayeru, 悶𛀁る, ancient)}

Etymology

Kanji in this term
悶
もん Hyōgaiji
goon

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) も​ん [móꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [mõ̞ɴ]

Noun

悶(もん) • (mon) 

1. agony

Korean

Hanja

悶 (eumhun 답답할 민 (dapdaphal min))

1. Hanja form^? of 민 (“agony”).

Compounds

• 고민 (苦悶, gomin, “agony, anguish, worry, trouble”)

Vietnamese

Han character

悶: Hán Việt readings: muộn, môn
悶: Nôm readings: muốn, mụn

1. chữ Hán form of muộn (“sad, sorrowful”).
2. Nôm form of muốn (“to want, to desire”).

References

• Nom Foundation