擁

See also: 拥

擁 U+64C1, 擁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-64C1 ← 擀 [U+64C0] CJK Unified Ideographs 擂 → [U+64C2]

Translingual

Han character

擁 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 手卜女土 (QYVG), four-corner 5001₄, composition ⿰扌雍)

Derived characters

• 𡃵

Related characters

• 拥 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 457, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12781
• Dae Jaweon: page 806, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1972, character 1
• Unihan data for U+64C1

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 擁
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (邕) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
郺	*qoːŋʔ, *qoŋ
齆	*qoːŋs
甕	*qoːŋs
罋	*qoːŋs, *qoŋ
雍	*qoŋ, *qoŋs
邕	*qoŋ
嗈	*qoŋ
灉	*qoŋ, *qoŋs
癰	*qoŋ
廱	*qoŋ
雝	*qoŋ
壅	*qoŋ, *qoŋʔ, *qoŋs
饔	*qoŋ
噰	*qoŋ
澭	*qoŋ
擁	*qoŋ, *qoŋʔ
臃	*qoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoŋ, *qoŋʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 雍 (OC *qoŋ, *qoŋs).

Pronunciation 1

trad.		擁
simp.		拥
alternative forms		𢹬 𢹭 𢺠 𢶜 㨣 𢹬 𢹭 𢺠 𢶜 㨣 雍

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yōng, yǒng

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥ, ㄩㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jung²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yúng
• Eastern Min (BUC): é̤ṳng / ṳ̆ng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iong / ióng / iòng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iong³

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹ion; ⁵ion

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yong
    • Wade–Giles: yung¹
    • Yale: yūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iong
    • Palladius: юн (jun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǒng
    • Wade–Giles: yung³
    • Yale: yǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeong
    • Palladius: юн (jun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jung²
    • Yale: yúng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jung²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
    • Hakka Romanization System: iung`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung<sup>3</sup>
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung³
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: é̤ṳng / ṳ̆ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /øyŋ²¹³/, /yŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• é̤ṳng - colloquial;
• ṳ̆ng - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iong
    • Tâi-lô: iong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iofng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng
    • Tâi-lô: ióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iorng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /iɔŋ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iòng
    • Tâi-lô: iòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ioxng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: iong³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹ion; ⁵ion
    • MiniDict: ion^平; ion^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ion; ²ion
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ioŋ⁵³/, /ioŋ³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'jowngX

Rime
Character	擁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於隴切
Baxter	'jowngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨoŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔioŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔioŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuawŋX/
Li Rong	/ʔioŋX/
Wang Li	/ĭwoŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯woŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qoŋ/, /*qoŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	擁	擁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	15416	15418
Phonetic component	邕	邕
Rime group	東	東
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	邕	擁
Old Chinese	/*qoŋ/	/*qoŋʔ/

Definitions

擁

1. to embrace; to hug someone
2. to wrap around; to squeeze
3. to gather around; to crowd
4. to provide support; to protect
5. to have something; to possess; to hold
6. crowd of people
7. (dialectal Mandarin) to push
8. Alternative form of 壅 (“to obstruct”)

Compounds

• 一擁而上／一拥而上 (yīyǒng'érshàng)
• 一擁而進／一拥而进
• 分符擁節／分符拥节
• 前呼後擁／前呼后拥 (qiánhūhòuyǒng)
• 前推後擁／前推后拥
• 前遮後擁／前遮后拥 (qiánzhēhòuyōng)
• 剪莽擁篲／剪莽拥篲
• 坐擁書城／坐拥书城
• 坐擁百城／坐拥百城
• 左擁右抱／左拥右抱 (zuǒyōngyòubào)
• 後擁前呼／后拥前呼
• 後擁前推／后拥前推
• 後擁前遮／后拥前遮
• 後擁前驅／后拥前驱
• 持衡擁璇／持衡拥璇
• 擁入／拥入
• 擁兵／拥兵 (yōngbīng)
• 擁兵玩寇／拥兵玩寇
• 擁兵自固／拥兵自固
• 擁兵自重／拥兵自重 (yōngbīngzìzhòng)
• 擁堵／拥堵 (yōngdǔ)
• 擁塞／拥塞 (yōngsè)
• 擁彗先驅／拥彗先驱
• 擁彗迎門／拥彗迎门
• 擁戴／拥戴 (yōngdài)
• 擁抱／拥抱 (yōngbào)
• 擁擠／拥挤 (yōngjǐ)
• 擁政愛民／拥政爱民
• 擁旄／拥旄
• 擁書／拥书
• 擁有／拥有 (yōngyǒu)
• 擁立／拥立 (yōnglì)
• 擁篲／拥篲
• 擁簇／拥簇
• 擁篲清道／拥篲清道
• 擁腫／拥肿
• 擁護／拥护 (yōnghù)
• 擁躉／拥趸 (yōngdǔn)
• 擁軍優屬／拥军优属
• 擁霧翻波／拥雾翻波
• 擁鼻／拥鼻
• 擁鼻吟／拥鼻吟
• 珠圍翠擁／珠围翠拥
• 相擁而泣／相拥而泣
• 簇擁／簇拥 (cùyōng)
• 蜂擁／蜂拥 (fēngyōng)
• 蜂擁而上／蜂拥而上 (fēngyǒng'érshàng)
• 蜂擁而至／蜂拥而至 (fēngyǒng'érzhì)

 

Pronunciation 2

trad.		擁
simp.		拥
alternative forms		㧬 𢫨 𢶜

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ung²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): uung²

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ung²
    • Yale: úng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ung²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʊŋ³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: uung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɵŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

擁

1. (Cantonese) to push

   擁車仔／拥车仔 [Cantonese]  ―  ung² ce¹ zai² [Jyutping]  ―  to push a cart

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 推 (“to push”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		推
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	推, 㩳, 搡
	Taiwan	推
	Harbin	㩳, 搡
	Singapore	推
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	推
Central Plains Mandarin	Zhengzhou	擁
	Xi'an	掀, 推
	Xuzhou	搑
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	推, 揎, 捎, 搊, 㩳
	Wuhan	推, 㩳, 揎
	Guilin	推
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	推, 搡
	Hefei	推, 搡
Cantonese	Guangzhou	推, 擁
	Hong Kong	推, 擁
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	擁
	Taishan	擁
	Yangjiang	宿, 擁, 𢱤
Gan	Nanchang	推, 揎, 㩳
Hakka	Meixian	𢱤
	Xingning	𢱤
	Huidong (Daling)	𢱤
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	擁
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	擁
	Changting	𢱤
	Wuping	𢱤
	Wuping (Pingyu)	𢱤
	Liancheng	𢱤
	Ninghua	𢱤
	Yudu	𢱤
	Ruijin	𢱤
	Shicheng	𢱤
	Shangyou (Shexi)	𢱤
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𢱤
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	𢱤
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	𢱤
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	𢱤
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	𢱤
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	𢳪
	Hong Kong	推, 𢱤, 擁
Jin	Taiyuan	推
Northern Min	Jian'ou	捵, 𢱤
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	捵, 𢱤
	Fuqing	挨, 捵
Southern Min	Xiamen	㧣, 捒, 攄
	Quanzhou	捒, 攄
	Jinjiang	㧣
	Zhangzhou	㧣, 捒, 攄
	Taipei	攄
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	攄
	Kaohsiung	攄
	Yilan	攄
	Changhua (Lukang)	攄, 㧣
	Taichung	攄, 㧣
	Tainan	攄
	Hsinchu	攄, 㧣
	Kinmen	攄, 㧣
	Penghu (Magong)	攄
	Penang (Hokkien)	捒, 攄
	Singapore (Hokkien)	㧣
	Manila (Hokkien)	㧣
	Chaozhou	攆, 舁
	Shantou	推, 攆
	Jieyang	攆
	Singapore (Teochew)	攆, 㧣
Wu	Shanghai	推
	Suzhou	推
	Ningbo	推
	Wenzhou	㨄, 推
Xiang	Changsha	寵, 推
	Shuangfeng	攮, 搡

Compounds

• 擁火／拥火
• 擁開／拥开
• 神推鬼擁／神推鬼拥

 

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01677
• “擁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

擁

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. to hold
2. to embrace
3. to protect

Readings

• Go-on: ゆ (yu)^{←ゆ (yu, historical)}
• Kan-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←よう (you, historical)}
• Kun: いだく (idaku, 擁く); だく (daku, 擁く); まもる (mamoru, 擁る)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
擁
よう Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 擁 (MC 'jowngX).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jo̞ː]

Affix

擁(よう) • (yō) 

1. to embrace; to protect

Derived terms

• 擁(よう)遏(あつ) (yōatsu)
• 擁(よう)閼(あつ) (yōatsu)
• 擁(よう)衛(えい) (yōei)
• 擁(よう)掩(えん) (yōen)
• 擁(よう)経(けい) (yōkei)
• 擁(よう)護(ご) (yōgo, “to protect; to advocate; to support”)
• 擁(よう)膝(しつ) (yōshitsu)
• 擁(よう)腫(しょう) (yōshō)
• 擁(よう)彗(すい) (yōsui)
• 擁(よう)する (yōsuru, “to have; to possess”)
• 擁(よう)擠(せい) (yōsei)
• 擁(よう)塞(そく) (yōsoku)
• 擁(よう)戴(たい) (yōtai)
• 擁(よう)覆(ふく) (yōfuku)
• 擁(よう)蔽(へい) (yōhei) (壅(よう)蔽(へい))
• 擁(よう)壁(へき) (yōheki, “retaining wall”)
• 擁(よう)佑(ゆう), 擁(よう)右(ゆう), 擁(よう)祐(ゆう) (yōyū)
• 擁(よう)立(りつ) (yōritsu, “to field; to recruit a candidate”)
• 培(ばい)擁(よう) (baiyō) (培(ばい)壅(よう))
• 抱(ほう)擁(よう) (hōyō, “to embrace; to hug”)

 

Korean

Hanja

擁 (eumhun 낄 옹 (kkil ong))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

擁: Hán Nôm readings: ủng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation