理想

Chinese

		to manage; to heed; to put in order to manage; to heed; to put in order; reason; logic; science; inner principle or structure	to think; to believe; to suppose to think; to believe; to suppose; to wish; to want; to miss
simp. and trad. (理想)		理	想

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lǐxiǎng

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄤˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lei⁵ soeng²

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lî-sióng
• Eastern Min (BUC): lī-siōng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lí-sióng / lí-siáng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): li² siang²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶li-shian / ³li-shian₃

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lǐxiǎng [Phonetic: líxiǎng]
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lǐsiǎng
    • Wade–Giles: li³-hsiang³
    • Yale: lǐ-syǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liisheang
    • Palladius: лисян (lisjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lei⁵ soeng²
    • Yale: léih séung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lei⁵ soeng²
    • Guangdong Romanization: léi⁵ sêng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lei̯¹³ sœːŋ³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lî-sióng
    • Hakka Romanization System: li´ xiong`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: li¹ xiong³
    • Sinological IPA: /li²⁴ si̯oŋ³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lī-siōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃i³³⁻³⁵ ^(s-)luoŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí-sióng
    • Tâi-lô: lí-sióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lysiorng
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí-siáng
    • Tâi-lô: lí-siáng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lysiarng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: li² siang²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lí siáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵²⁻³⁵ siaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶li-shian
    • MiniDict: li^去 shian
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³li-xian
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²² ɕiã⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ³li-shian₃
    • MiniDict: 'li^上 shian^上
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /li⁵⁵ ɕiæ̃²¹/

Noun

理想

1. ideal; dream

   為理想而奮鬥／为理想而奋斗  ―  wèi lǐxiǎng ér fèndòu  ―  to fight for one's dreams

   共同理想  ―  gòngtóng lǐxiǎng  ―  common ideals

   青春的理想  ―  qīngchūn de lǐxiǎng  ―  the ideals of youth

   抱持著遠大的理想 [MSC, trad.]
   抱持着远大的理想 [MSC, simp.]

   bàochí zhe yuǎndà de lǐxiǎng [Pinyin]

   to hold lofty ideals

2. (literary) theory
3. (mathematics) ideal

Synonyms

• (dream):

• 壯志／壮志 (zhuàngzhì) (great ambitions)
• 夢寐／梦寐 (mèngmèi) (literary)
• 夢想／梦想 (mèngxiǎng)
• 心志 (xīnzhì)
• 心骨 (xīngǔ) (literary)
• 志事 (zhìshì) (literary)
• 志向 (zhìxiàng)
• 志氣／志气 (zhìqì)
• 懷抱／怀抱 (huáibào) (literary)
• 抱負／抱负 (bàofù)
• 權欲／权欲 (quányù) (derogatory, lust for power)
• 職志／职志 (zhízhì)
• 野心 (yěxīn) (wild ambition)
• 雄心 (xióngxīn) (great ambitions)

 

• (theory):

• 學說／学说 (xuéshuō)
• 理念 (lǐniàn)
• 理論／理论 (lǐlùn)
• 說／说 (literary, or in compounds)
• 論理／论理 (lùnlǐ)

 

Adjective

理想

1. ideal

   理想社會／理想社会  ―  lǐxiǎng shèhuì  ―  ideal society

Derived terms

• 理想主義／理想主义 (lǐxiǎng zhǔyì)
• 理想化 (lǐxiǎnghuà)
• 理想家 (lǐxiǎngjiā)
• 理想氣體／理想气体 (lǐxiǎng qìtǐ)
• 理想鄉／理想乡 (lǐxiǎngxiāng)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
理	想
り Grade: 2	そう Grade: 3
on’yomi	goon

Etymology

May be a coinage in Japanese from Chinese-based roots as a compound of 理 (ri, “reason, principle”) +‎ 想 (sō, “thought, thinking”).

First cited in Japanese to the 1877 translation of John Stuart Mill's Utilitarianism, 利学 (Rigaku) by 西周 (“Nishi Amane”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) りそー [rìsóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɾʲiso̞ː]

Noun

理(り)想(そう) • (risō) ^{←りさう (risau)?}

1. an ideal

Descendants

• Korean: 이상 (isang)
• Vietnamese: lí tưởng

Korean

Hanja in this term
理	想

Noun

理想 • (isang) (hangeul 이상)

1. Hanja form^? of 이상 (“ideal”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
理	想

Noun

理想

1. chữ Hán form of lí tưởng (“ideal”).