-까지

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Korean

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄭᆞ자ᇰ〮 (Yale: skòcáng), from (Yale: -s, genitive marker) + ᄀᆞ자ᇰ〮 (Yale: kòcáng, “very, extremely”).

Pronunciation

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Romanizations
Revised Romanization?kkaji
Revised Romanization (translit.)?kkaji
McCune–Reischauer?kkaji
Yale Romanization?kkaci

Particle

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까지 (-kkaji)

  1. (generally) until, till, by (a time), up to
    1. Used to illustrate the extent of a finished action or situation.
      는 한 시부터 늦게까지 공부했어요.
      naneun han sibuteo neutgekkaji gongbuhaesseoyo.
      I studied from one o’clock until late.
      매리가 부산에서 서울까지 열차갔어요.
      Maeriga Busaneseo Seoulkkaji yeolcharo gasseoyo.
      Mary went as far as/to Seoul from Busan by train.
    2. Used to illustrate to what extent an action will continue.
      일년 걸려도 서울대입학할 까지 공부하기로 결정했어요.
      illyeon deo geollyeodo Seouldaee iphakhal ttaekkaji gongbuhagiro gyeoljeonghaesseoyo.
      Even if it takes one more year I have decided that I will study until I get into Seoul National University.
    3. Used to illustrate the degree or intensity of a situation.
      동우이렇게까지 좋아할 몰랐어요.
      Joni Dong'ureul ireokekkaji joahal jul mollasseoyo.
      I had no idea how much John liked Dongwoo.

Usage notes

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Used after nouns, noun phrases, nominalized verbs in (gi): form, as well as adjectives in (ge) form.

See also

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References

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  • 표준국어대사전 (2008 January 3 (last accessed)) “까지 [kkaji]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)[1], archived from the original on 30 December 2006
  • Daum.net Korean-English Dictionary (2008 January 3 (last accessed)) “까지 [kkaji]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)[2], archived from the original on 4 February 2008