-esco

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See also: esco, Esco, ESCO, escó, and Escô

Italian

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Etymology

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From Late Latin, Vulgar Latin -iscus.[1] Cognates: see Proto-Germanic *-iskaz.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈe.sko/
  • Rhymes: -esko
  • Hyphenation: -é‧sco

Suffix

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-esco

  1. forms adjectives (sometimes used as nouns) that indicate relationship, membership, quality
    Dante (the poet Dante Alighieri) + ‎-esco → ‎dantesco (Dantesque)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • French: -esque

References

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  1. ^ “-esco” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN

Anagrams

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Latin

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Etymology

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From -eō +‎ -scō.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ēscō (present infinitive -ēscere, perfect active , supine -um); third conjugation

  1. Forms verbs from adjectives meaning "become (adjective)".

Usage notes

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Many verbs ending in -ēscō are inchoatives in -scō formed from statives in -eō. However, some verbs exist that are derived directly from the adjective, with no "intermediate" stative verb existing, e.g.:

Conjugation

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Conjugation varies with verb; only first principal part shown here for illustration.

   Conjugation of -ēscō (third conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present -ēscō -ēscis -ēscit -ēscimus -ēscitis -ēscunt
imperfect -ēscēbam -ēscēbās -ēscēbat -ēscēbāmus -ēscēbātis -ēscēbant
future -ēscam -ēscēs -ēscet -ēscēmus -ēscētis -ēscent
perfect -istī -it -imus -istis -ērunt,
-ēre
pluperfect -eram -erās -erat -erāmus -erātis -erant
future perfect -erō -eris -erit -erimus -eritis -erint
sigmatic future1 -is -it -imus -itis -int
passive present -ēscor -ēsceris,
-ēscere
-ēscitur -ēscimur -ēsciminī -ēscuntur
imperfect -ēscēbar -ēscēbāris,
-ēscēbāre
-ēscēbātur -ēscēbāmur -ēscēbāminī -ēscēbantur
future -ēscar -ēscēris,
-ēscēre
-ēscētur -ēscēmur -ēscēminī -ēscentur
perfect -us + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect -us + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect -us + future active indicative of sum
sigmatic future1 -or -eris -itur
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present -ēscam -ēscās -ēscat -ēscāmus -ēscātis -ēscant
imperfect -ēscerem -ēscerēs -ēsceret -ēscerēmus -ēscerētis -ēscerent
perfect -erim -erīs -erit -erīmus -erītis -erint
pluperfect -issem -issēs -isset -issēmus -issētis -issent
sigmatic aorist1 -im -īs -īt -īmus -ītis -int
passive present -ēscar -ēscāris,
-ēscāre
-ēscātur -ēscāmur -ēscāminī -ēscantur
imperfect -ēscerer -ēscerēris,
-ēscerēre
-ēscerētur -ēscerēmur -ēscerēminī -ēscerentur
perfect -us + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect -us + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present -ēsce -ēscite
future -ēscitō -ēscitō -ēscitōte -ēscuntō
passive present -ēscere -ēsciminī
future -ēscitor -ēscitor -ēscuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives -ēscere -isse -ūrum esse -ēscī -um esse -um īrī
participles -ēscēns -ūrus -us -ēscendus,
-ēscundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
-ēscendī -ēscendō -ēscendum -ēscendō -um

1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-esco (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -esca, masculine plural -escos, feminine plural -escas)

  1. Forms adjectives that signify comparison, relation or resemblance to the word stem (-like, -esque)
    animal (animal) + ‎-esco → ‎animalesco (animalesque, animal-like)
    livro (book) + ‎-esco → ‎livresco (related to books)

Spanish

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Suffix

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-esco (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -esca, masculine plural -escos, feminine plural -escas)

  1. Alternative form of -sco; forms adjectives that signify "relation" to the word stem; sometimes pejorative
    libro (book) + ‎-esco → ‎libresco (related to books)

Suffix

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-esco m (noun-forming suffix, plural -escos)

  1. Alternative form of -sco; forms augmentative nouns
  2. Alternative form of -sco; forms collective nouns

Derived terms

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Further reading

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