-esz

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See also: ész and -ész

Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-esz

  1. (personal suffix) Forms the second-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
    fest (to paint) + ‎-esz → ‎festesz (you paint, you are painting)
  2. (nominal-forming suffix) Forms nouns and adjectives from verb or nouns.
    eresz (eaves)
  3. (diminutive suffix, slang) Forms diminutives.
    kollégium (dormitory) + ‎-esz → ‎kolesz
    pulóver (pullover) + ‎-esz → ‎pulesz
    Károly (Charles) + ‎-esz → ‎Karesz
    vagány (cool) + ‎-esz → ‎vagesz
  4. (music) flat (), lowered by one semitone (e.g. desz, esz, gesz)
    Antonym: (for sharp (♯) notes) -isz

Usage notes

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  • (personal suffix) Variants:
    -sz added to verbs not in the categories listed below
    vár (to wait) + ‎-sz → ‎vársz (you wait, you are waiting)
    -asz added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
    hall (to hear) + ‎-asz → ‎hallasz (you hear, you are hearing)
    tanít (to teach) + ‎-asz → ‎tanítasz (you teach, you are teaching)
    -esz added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
    dönt (to decide) + ‎-esz → ‎döntesz (you decide, you are deciding)
    segít (to help) + ‎-esz → ‎segítesz (you help, you are helping)
    -ol added to back-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
    olvas (to read) + ‎-ol → ‎olvasol (you read, you are reading)
    -el added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
    vesz (to buy) + ‎-el → ‎veszel (you buy, you are buying)
    -öl added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
    főz (to cook) + ‎-öl → ‎főzöl (you cook, you are cooking)
  • (nominal-forming suffix) Variants:
    -asz added to back vowel words
    -esz added to front vowel words