Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fukkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸuk.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From Pre-Germanic *pugnéh₂-. Likely related to Latvian puga (“gust of wind”).

Verb

*fukkōną

1. to blow, gust

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *fukk- against non-singular *fuk-.

Conjugation of *fukkōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*fukkō	*fukkǭ	—	*fukkōi	?
2nd singular	*fukkōsi	*fukkōs	*fukkō	*fukkōsai	*fukkōsau
3rd singular	*fukkōþi	*fukkō	*fukkōþau	*fukkōþai	*fukkōþau
1st dual	*fukkōs	*fukkōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*fukkōþiz	*fukkōþiz	*fukkōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*fukkōmaz	*fukkōm	—	*fukkōnþai	*fukkōnþau
2nd plural	*fukkōþ	*fukkōþ	*fukkōþ	*fukkōnþai	*fukkōnþau
3rd plural	*fukkōnþi	*fukkōn	*fukkōnþau	*fukkōnþai	*fukkōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*fukkōdǭ	*fukkōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*fukkōdēz	*fukkōdēdīz
3rd singular	*fukkōdē	*fukkōdēdī
1st dual	*fukkōdēdū	*fukkōdēdīw
2nd dual	*fukkōdēdudiz	*fukkōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*fukkōdēdum	*fukkōdēdīm
2nd plural	*fukkōdēdud	*fukkōdēdīd
3rd plural	*fukkōdēdun	*fukkōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*fukkōndz	*fukkōdaz

Related terms

• *faukijaną
• *feukaną/*fūkaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *fokkōn
  • Old Dutch: *fokkon
    • Middle Dutch: vocken
  • Old High German: fohhōn, fochōn
    • Middle High German: fochen
• Old Norse: *fokka
  • Icelandic: fokka
  • ⇒ Faroese: fokka (“foresail”, noun)

Further reading

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

Etymology 2

From Pre-Germanic *pugnéh₂-, likely a zero-grade iterative from Proto-Indo-European *pug-, *pewǵ- (“to strike, assail”). Related to Latin pugnus (“fist”), Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”), possibly also Russian пуга́ть (pugátʹ, “to frighten, scare”).

Verb

*fukkōną

1. to strike, assail
2. to copulate

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *fukk- against non-singular *fuk-.

Conjugation of *fukkōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*fukkō	*fukkǭ	—	*fukkōi	?
2nd singular	*fukkōsi	*fukkōs	*fukkō	*fukkōsai	*fukkōsau
3rd singular	*fukkōþi	*fukkō	*fukkōþau	*fukkōþai	*fukkōþau
1st dual	*fukkōs	*fukkōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*fukkōþiz	*fukkōþiz	*fukkōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*fukkōmaz	*fukkōm	—	*fukkōnþai	*fukkōnþau
2nd plural	*fukkōþ	*fukkōþ	*fukkōþ	*fukkōnþai	*fukkōnþau
3rd plural	*fukkōnþi	*fukkōn	*fukkōnþau	*fukkōnþai	*fukkōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*fukkōdǭ	*fukkōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*fukkōdēz	*fukkōdēdīz
3rd singular	*fukkōdē	*fukkōdēdī
1st dual	*fukkōdēdū	*fukkōdēdīw
2nd dual	*fukkōdēdudiz	*fukkōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*fukkōdēdum	*fukkōdēdīm
2nd plural	*fukkōdēdud	*fukkōdēdīd
3rd plural	*fukkōdēdun	*fukkōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*fukkōndz	*fukkōdaz

Related terms

• *faukōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *fukkōn
  • Old English: *fuccian
    • → Middle English: *fukken, *fuken
      • English: fuck
        • Tok Pisin: fak
        • →⇒ Afrikaans: fok
        • → Chinese: 法克 (fǎkè)
        • → French: fuck, fucker
        • → Icelandic: fokk
        • → Japanese: ファック
        • → Norwegian Bokmål: fucke, føkke
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: fucka, føkka
        • → Pitcairn-Norfolk: fak
        • → Russian: фак (fak)
        • → Serbo-Croatian: fak, фак
        • → Welsh: ffwcio
      • Middle Scots: fuk, fuck
        • Scots: fuck, fuk
  • Old Frisian: *fokkia
    • West Frisian: fokje, fokke
  • Old Dutch: *fokkon, *fukkon
    • Middle Dutch: fokken
      • Dutch: fokken
        • Afrikaans: fok
        • → West Frisian: fokke
  • >? Old High German: fitafuhhōn (with uncertain initial component)
• Old Norse: *fukka
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: fukka (dialectal)
  • Swedish: fokka (Bohuslän)