Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drъgati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewg-/*dʰrewgʰ- (“to shake off, to drain”), related to Lithuanian drugỹs (“fever; butterfly”), Latvian drudzis (“fever”). Further akin to Proto-Germanic *druknijaną, *drūgijaną (“to dry”).

In some dialects, the descendants of *drъgati have merged with those of Proto-Slavic *dьrgati (“to scratch”).

Verb

*drъgati impf (perfective *drъgnǫti)

1. (intransitive) to tremble, to tremor
2. (transitive) to shake, to jerk

Alternative forms

• *drygati (vr̥ddhi) (in Ruthenian: possibly from regular syllabalization of *-rъ- > *-r̥- > *-ry-)

Conjugation

Conjugation of *drъgati, *drъga, *drъgajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*drъganьje	*drъgati	*drъgatъ	*drъgalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*drъganъ	*drъgajemъ
Active	*drъgavъ	*drъgaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*drъgaxъ	*drъga	*drъga	*drъgajǫ	*drъgaješi	*drъgajetь
Dual	*drъgaxově	*drъgasta	*drъgaste	*drъgajevě	*drъgajeta	*drъgajete
Plural	*drъgaxomъ	*drъgaste	*drъgašę	*drъgajemъ	*drъgajete	*drъgajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*drъgaaxъ	*drъgaaše	*drъgaaše	—	*drъgaji	*drъgaji
Dual	*drъgaaxově	*drъgaašeta	*drъgaašete	*drъgajivě	*drъgajita	—
Plural	*drъgaaxomъ	*drъgaašete	*drъgaaxǫ	*drъgajimъ	*drъgajite	—

Related terms

• *drъžь, *drъžati
• *drъgъtъ (“jerk, convulsion”)
  • *drъgъtati (“to jerk”)
• *drъgъva (“sinkhole, swamp, moor”)
• *drъgъkъ (“trembling”)
• *druzgati (“to stomp, to shake off”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: дры́гаць (drýhacʹ)
  • Russian: дро́гать (drógatʹ, “to shake”), дры́гать (drýgatʹ, “to jerk”)
  • >? Ukrainian: дрига́ти (dryháty, “to mill”) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: дъ́ргам (dǎ́rgam, “to shake, to jolt”) (partially)
  • ⇒ Serbo-Croatian: dŕhtati; dȑkati (“to masturbate”) (partially?)
  • ⇒ Slovene: dŕgati; dȓkati (“to masturbate”) (partially?)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: drhati (“to tremble, shiver”) (rare)
  • Polish: drgać, drygać
  • Silesian: dyrgać
  • Slovak: drgať

References

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*drъgati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 137
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дрыгать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “дригати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “drgȅt”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si