ar-

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English

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Etymology 1

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Extracted from the word aromatic.

Prefix

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ar-

  1. (organic chemistry) Forming classification names for classes of organic compounds that contain a carbon skeleton and one or more aromatic rings.
    • 1900, Edgar Fahs Smith (English translator), R. Anschütz (German editor), Victor von Richter's Organic Chemistry: or, Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds, Third American Edition, Volume II, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., page 393:
      Potassium permanganate oxidizes ac-tetrahydronaphtylamine to o-hydrocinnam-carboxylic acid (p. 245); ar-tetrahydronaphthylamine, however, because of the oxidation of its amided benzene nucleus, is changed to adipic acid together with oxalic acid (B. 22, 767): []
    • 1919 January 10, C. J. West, abstract of G. Schroeter and K. Thomas, “Transformation of tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin) in the animal body”; in American Chemical Society, Chemical Abstracts, Volume 13, Number 1, page 43:
      ar-Tetrahydro-α-carbamidonaphthalene, C11H14ON2, crystallized in square plates from alc., soften at 198° and melts at about 206° (quickly heated, at 212°).
    • 2006, Amit Arora, Aromatic Organic Chemistry, Discovery Publishing House, published 2007, →ISBN, page 173:
      1-Naphthylamine is reduced by sodium and isopentanol to ar-tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine; the prefix ar- is the abbreviation of aromatic and indicates that the four hydrogen atoms are not in the ring containing the amino-group: []

Etymology 2

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Shortened from area (because the function describes the area under a hyperbola), by analogy with arc-, the corresponding prefix for the circular trigonometric functions.

Prefix

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ar-

  1. (mathematics, trigonometry) Used to form the names of inverse hyperbolic trigonometric functions, and the symbols for these functions.
    Synonyms: (sometimes proscribed) arc-, a-, −1

References

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Anagrams

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Aka-Bea

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Prefix

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ar-

  1. prefix for limbs or upright things

Old Irish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Celtic *ɸare-. Prefix form of ar (in front of).

Pronunciation

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  • (pretonically) IPA(key): /ar/
  • (in stressed syllables) IPA(key): /œr/

Prefix

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ar-

  1. for-, fore-

Derived terms

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Tocharian A

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Etymology

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From Proto-Tocharian *er- (whence also Tocharian B er-), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (to move, stir).

Verb

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ar-

  1. to evoke, call up
  2. to produce, yield, bring forth

Welsh

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Brythonic *ar-, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.[1]

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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ar-

  1. on, above, sur-, super-, epi-
    ar- + ‎nofio (to swim) → ‎arnofio (to float)
    ar- + ‎ysgrif (writing) → ‎arysgrif (inscription, epigraph)
  2. near
    ar- + ‎lliw (colour) → ‎arlliw (shade)
    ar- + ‎môr (sea) → ‎arfor (coast)

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
ar- unchanged unchanged har-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  1. ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 156 i (6)

Further reading

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  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ar-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies