painajainen
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Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]painaa (“to press”) + -jainen – originally, painajainen was a demon that sat on a sleeping person's chest, thus pressing it and causing bad dreams.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈpɑi̯nɑjɑi̯nen/, [ˈpɑ̝i̯nɑ̝ˌjɑ̝i̯ne̞n]
- Rhymes: -ɑinen
- Syllabification(key): pai‧na‧jai‧nen
Noun
[edit]painajainen
- (mythology) nightmare (demon)
- nightmare (bad dream)
- nähdä painajaista ― to see a nightmare
- nightmare (bad experience)
Declension
[edit]Inflection of painajainen (Kotus type 38/nainen, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | painajainen | painajaiset | ||
genitive | painajaisen | painajaisten painajaisien | ||
partitive | painajaista | painajaisia | ||
illative | painajaiseen | painajaisiin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | painajainen | painajaiset | ||
accusative | nom. | painajainen | painajaiset | |
gen. | painajaisen | |||
genitive | painajaisen | painajaisten painajaisien | ||
partitive | painajaista | painajaisia | ||
inessive | painajaisessa | painajaisissa | ||
elative | painajaisesta | painajaisista | ||
illative | painajaiseen | painajaisiin | ||
adessive | painajaisella | painajaisilla | ||
ablative | painajaiselta | painajaisilta | ||
allative | painajaiselle | painajaisille | ||
essive | painajaisena | painajaisina | ||
translative | painajaiseksi | painajaisiksi | ||
abessive | painajaisetta | painajaisitta | ||
instructive | — | painajaisin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Synonyms
[edit]- (demon): mara (in Western dialects), ajajainen
- (bad dream): painajaisuni
Derived terms
[edit]compounds
Descendants
[edit]- → Karelian: (calque)
- North Karelian: painajaini
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “painajainen”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03