shut
English[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- enPR: shŭt, IPA(key): /ʃʌt/
- (Northern England) IPA(key): /ʃʊt/
- (dialectal, archaic) IPA(key): /ʃɛt/ (see shet)[1]
Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -ʌt
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle English shutten, shetten, from Old English scyttan (“to cause rapid movement, shoot a bolt, shut, bolt”), from Proto-Germanic *skutjaną, *skuttijaną (“to bar, bolt”), from Proto-Germanic *skuttą, *skuttjō (“bar, bolt, shed”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd- (“to drive, fall upon, rush”).
Cognate with Dutch schutten (“to shut in, lock up”), Low German schütten (“to shut, lock in”), German schützen (“to shut out, dam, protect, guard”).
Verb[edit]
shut (third-person singular simple present shuts, present participle shutting, simple past shut, past participle shut or (obsolete, dialectal) shutten)
- (transitive) To close, to stop from being open.
- Synonym: close
- Please shut the door.
- The light was so bright I had to shut my eyes.
- (intransitive) To close, to stop being open.
- Synonym: close
- If you wait too long, the automatic door will shut.
- (transitive or intransitive, chiefly British) To close (a business) temporarily.
- The pharmacy is shut on Sunday.
- (transitive) To confine in an enclosed area.
- I shut the cat in the kitchen before going out.
- (transitive) To isolate, to close off from the world.
- 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXIII, page 39:
- Now, sometimes in my sorrow shut,
Or breaking into song by fits;
Alone, alone, to where he sits,
The Shadow cloak’d from head to foot
Who keeps the keys of all the creeds,
I wander, often falling lame, […]
- (transitive) To catch or snag in the act of shutting something.
- He's just gone and shut his finger in the door!
- (transitive) To preclude, exclude.
- Synonym: shut out
- 1697, Virgil, “Aeneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
- shut from every shore
Usage notes[edit]
Except when part of one of the derived terms listed below, almost every use of shut can be replaced by close. The reverse is not true – there are many uses of close that cannot be replaced by shut.
Derived terms[edit]
- cut-and-shut
- open-and-shut
- shut it
- shut my mouth
- shut one's eyes
- shut one's eyes and think of England
- shut one's eyes to
- shut one's face
- shut one's gob
- shut one's head
- shut one's mouth
- shut one's trap
- shut the box
- shut the door
- shut the door on
- shut the fridge
- shut the front door
- shut up shop
- shut your face
- shut your mouth
- shut your trap
Translations[edit]
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Adjective[edit]
shut (not comparable)
- Closed; not open.
- Synonym: closed
- A shut door barred our way into the house.
- (linguistics, phonetics, archaic) Synonym of close
- 1810, Benjamin Humphrey Smart, A practical grammar of English pronunciation, page 344:
- Whenever a syllable is formed with a long, that is an open vowel, they account the syllable long; and whenever formed with a short, that is a shut vowel, they reckon it short.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
Noun[edit]
shut (plural shuts)
- The act or time of shutting; close.
- the shut of a door
- 1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC:
- Just then returnd at ſhut of Evening Flours.
- A door or cover; a shutter[17th century].
- The line or place where two pieces of metal are welded together.
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Variation of chute or shute (archaic, related to shoot) from Old English scēotan.
Noun[edit]
shut (plural shuts)
- (British, Shropshire dialect) A narrow alley or passage acting as a short cut through the buildings between two streets.
Synonyms[edit]
- (alleyway): See Thesaurus:alley
References[edit]
- ^ Stanley, Oma (1937) “I. Vowel Sounds in Stressed Syllables”, in The Speech of East Texas (American Speech: Reprints and Monographs; 2), New York: Columbia University Press, , →ISBN, § 12, page 27.
Anagrams[edit]
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ʌt
- Rhymes:English/ʌt/1 syllable
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kewd-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English lemmas
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English terms with usage examples
- English intransitive verbs
- British English
- English terms with quotations
- English adjectives
- English uncomparable adjectives
- en:Linguistics
- en:Phonetics
- English terms with archaic senses
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- Shropshire English
- English dialectal terms
- English ergative verbs
- English irregular verbs
- English terms with /ʌ~ʊ/ for Old English /y/
- Regional English