γαῖσος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• γαῖσον (gaîson)

Etymology

From Latin gaesum, itself from Gaulish *gaisos, from Proto-Celtic *gaisos (“spear”). Compare also χαῖος (khaîos, “shepherd's staff”), Sanskrit हेषस् (héṣas, “missile”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ɡâi̯.sos/ → /ˈʝɛ.sos/ → /ˈʝe.sos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡâi̯.sos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɛ.sos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈʝɛ.sos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈʝe.sos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈʝe.sos/

Noun

γαῖσος • (gaîsos) m (genitive γαίσου); second declension

1. gaesum, a Gaulish javelin

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ γαῖσος; τοῦ γαίσου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ γαῖσος ho gaîsos	τὼ γαίσω tṑ gaísō	οἱ γαῖσοι hoi gaîsoi
Genitive	τοῦ γαίσου toû gaísou	τοῖν γαίσοιν toîn gaísoin	τῶν γαίσων tôn gaísōn
Dative	τῷ γαίσῳ tôi gaísōi	τοῖν γαίσοιν toîn gaísoin	τοῖς γαίσοις toîs gaísois
Accusative	τὸν γαῖσον tòn gaîson	τὼ γαίσω tṑ gaísō	τοὺς γαίσους toùs gaísous
Vocative	γαῖσε gaîse	γαίσω gaísō	γαῖσοι gaîsoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• → Old Armenian: գայիսոն (gayison)

Further reading

• “γαῖσος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• γαῖσος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• γαῖσος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN