лѧхъ

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Old East Slavic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *lęxъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /ˈlɛ̃xʊ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /ˈlʲaxʊ/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈlʲax/
    • Hyphenation: лѧ‧хъ

Noun[edit]

лѧхъ (lęxŭ) m (related adjective лѧдьскъ)

  1. Lechite; Pole
  2. (in the plural) Poland (a country in Europe)
    • 1377, Dmitry of Suzdal, Laurentian Codex‎[1], page 160:
      ѿтуда пакꙑ на лѣто володимерю ѡпѧть· та посла мѧ с҃тославъ в лѧхꙑ
      otŭtuda paky na lěto volodimerju opętĭ· ta posla mę s:toslavŭ v lęxy
      thence again to Volodimir for the summer; and Svyatoslav sent me to Poland

Declension[edit]

Declension of лѧхъ (u-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative лѧхъ
lęxŭ 		лѧхꙑ
lęxy 		лѧхове
lęxove
Genitive лѧху
lęxu 		лѧхову
lęxovu 		лѧховъ
lęxovŭ
Dative лѧхови, лѧху
lęxovi, lęxu 		лѧхъма
lęxŭma 		лѧхъмъ
lęxŭmŭ
Accusative лѧхъ
lęxŭ 		лѧхꙑ
lęxy 		лѧхꙑ
lęxy
Instrumental лѧхъмь
lęxŭmĭ 		лѧхъма
lęxŭma 		лѧхъми
lęxŭmi
Locative лѧху
lęxu 		лѧхову
lęxovu 		лѧхъхъ
lęxŭxŭ
Vocative лѧхъ
lęxŭ 		лѧхꙑ
lęxy 		лѧхове
lęxove

Descendants[edit]

  • Old Ruthenian: лѧхъ (ljax), лєхъ (ljex)
    • Belarusian: лях (ljax)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: Лях (Ljax)
    • Ukrainian: лях (ljax)
    • → Czech: Ľach (dialectal)
    • → Polish: Lach
    • → Romanian: leah
    • → Ottoman Turkish: له (leh)
  • Russian: лях (ljax) (see there for further descendants)
  • → Old Lithuanian:

Old Ruthenian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old East Slavic лѧхъ (lęxŭ), from Proto-Slavic *lęxъ, from *lęděninъ.[1][2][3][4] Cognate with Russian лях (ljax).

Noun[edit]

лѧхъ • (ljax) m pers (nominative plural лѧ́хи or лѧ́хы)

  1. Pole, Polish man, Polack
    Synonym: полѧ́къ (polják)
  2. (in the plural) Polish people
  3. (in the plural) Poland (a country in Europe); Rzeczpospolita, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
  4. (in the plural) Polish army

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1988), “*lęxъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 15 (*lětina – *lokačь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 57
  2. ^ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “лях”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 343
  3. ^ Rudnyc'kyj, Ja. (1972–1982) “лях”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 2 (Д – Ь), Ottawa: Ukrainian Mohylo-Mazepian Academy of Sciences; Ukrainian Language Association, →LCCN, page 788: “MUk. ляхъ (1736)”
  4. ^ The template Template:R:be:ESBM does not use the parameter(s): 
    url=liach
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1990), “лях₁”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 6 (лі́ра – мая́чыць), Minsk: Navuka i technika, page 144

Further reading[edit]

  • Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1977), “лѧх; *лѧхы”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 569
  • The template Template:R:zle-obe:HSBM does not use the parameter(s): 
    url=lyakh
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Bulyka, A. M., editor (1998), “ляхъ, лехъ”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 17 (лесничий – местский), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 211
  • Chikalo, M. I., editor (2013), “ляхъ, лехъ, ліахъ, лѧхъ”, in Словник української мови XVI – I пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), numbers 16 (легкомыслность – лѧчи), Lviv: KIUS, →ISBN, page 196
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