тодыны
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Udmurt
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Permic *tɔ̇dni, from Proto-Uralic *tumte-. Cognates include Finnish tuntea and Hungarian tud.
Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian тӧдны (tödny) and Komi-Yazva тӧднө (tödnå).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]тодыны • (todyny)
- to know
- to get to know, to learn
Conjugation
[edit]Non-finite conjugation of тодыны
— first conjugation (see the appendix)
| Affirmative | Caritive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | тодыны (todyny) | – | ||
| Gerund | Past participle | Instrumental1 | тодэмен (todemen) | тодэмтэен (todemtejen) |
| Elative | тодэмысь (todemyś) | тодэмтэысь (todemteyś) | ||
| Basic | тодса (todsa) | тодтэк (todtek) | ||
| Temporal | тодку (todku) | – | ||
| Fourth | тодтозь (todtoź) | – | ||
| Participles | Present | тодӥсь (todiś) | тодӥсьтэм (todiśtem) | |
| Past | тодэм (todem) | тодэмтэ (todemte) | ||
| Future | тодоно (todono) | тодонтэм (todontem) | ||
| Deverbal | тодон (todon) | – | ||
| 1Instrumental past participle gerund are preferred in literary Udmurt. | ||||
Finite conjugation of тодыны — first conjugation (see the appendix)
| Person | Singular | Plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |||
| Positive | Present | тодӥсько (todiśko) | тодӥськод (todiśkod) | тодэ (tode) | тодӥськомы (todiśkomy) | тодӥськоды (todiśkody) | тодо (todo) | |
| Future | тодо (todo) | тодод (todod) | тодоз (todoz) | тодомы (todomy) | тододы (todody) | тодозы (todozy) | ||
| Past | Preterite I | тодэ (tode) | тодэд (toded) | тодэз (todez) | тодэм (todem), тодэмы (todemy) | тодэды (todedy) | тодэзы (todezy) | |
| Preterite II | тодӥськем (todiśkem) | тодэмэд (todemed) | тодэм (todem) | тодӥськеммы (todiśkemmy) | тодӥллямды (todilľamdy) | тодӥллям (todilľam), тодӥллямзы (todilľamzy) | ||
| Conditional | тодсал (todsal) | тодсалыд (todsalyd) | тодсал (todsal), тодсалыз (todsalyz) | тодсалмы (todsalmy) | тодсалды (todsaldy) | тодсалзы (todsalzy) | ||
| Imperative | – | тод (tod) | – | – | тодэ (tode), тодэлэ (todele) | – | ||
| Auxiliary | Pluperfect I | preterite I of тодыны + вал (val) | ||||||
| Pluperfect II | third person singular preterite II of тодыны + possessive suffixes + вал (val), or preterite II of тодыны + вылэм (vylem) | |||||||
| Durative preterite | present of тодыны + вал (val)/вылэм (vylem) | |||||||
| Frequentative preterite | future of тодыны + вал (val)/вылэм (vylem) | |||||||
| Negative | Present | уг тодӥськы | уд тодӥськы | уг тоды | ум тодӥськэ | уд тодӥськэ | уг тодо | |
| Future | уг тод, тоды | уд тод, тоды | уз тод, тоды | ум тодэ | уд тодэ | уз тодэ | ||
| Past | Preterite I | ӧй тоды | ӧд тоды | ӧз тоды | ӧм тодэ | ӧд тодэ | ӧз тодэ | |
| Preterite II | тодӥськымтэе (todiśkymteje) | тодымтэед (todymtejed) | тодымтэ (todymte) | тодӥськымтэмы (todiśkymtemy) | тодӥллямтэды (todilľamtedy) | тодэллямтэ (todelľamte) | ||
| ӧвӧл тодэ (tode) | ӧвӧл тодэд (toded) | ӧвӧл тодэз (todez) | ӧвӧл тодэм (todem), тодэмы (todemy) | ӧвӧл тодэды (todedy) | ӧвӧл тодэзы (todezy) | |||
| Conditional | ӧй (öj) + positive conditional of тодыны | |||||||
| Imperative | эн (en) + positive imperative of тодыны | |||||||
| Auxiliary | Pluperfect I | negative preterite I of тодыны + вал (val) | ||||||
| Pluperfect II | third person positive singular preterite II of тодыны + -мтэ- (-mte-) + possessive suffixes + вал (val), or positive preterite II of тодыны + -мтэ- (-mte-) + вылэм (vylem) | |||||||
| Durative preterite | уг/уд/уг/ум/уд/уг + positive durative preterite of тодыны | |||||||
| Frequentative preterite | уг/уд/уг/ум/уд/уг + positive frequentative preterite of тодыны | |||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- тодос (todos)
References
[edit]- L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “тодыны”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 645
- Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 264