سرف

See also: شرق, شرف, سرق, and سرڤ

Arabic

Root
س ر ف (s-r-f)

Noun

سَرَف • (saraf) m

1. dissipation, waste
2. exaggeration, immoderateness, intemperance
3. extravagance, prodigality
   • a. 869, Al-Jāḥiẓ, “خطبة الكتاب”, in Muḥammad Fatḥī ʾAbū Bakr, editor, Al-Buḵalāʾ, 5th edition, Egyptian-Lebanese Publishing House, published 2021, →ISBN, page 30:

     وَلِمَ جَعَلُوا الْجُودَ سَرَفًا وَٱلْأَثْرَةَ جَهْلًا

     walima jaʕalū l-jūda sarafan wal-ʔaṯrata jahlan

     Why do they portray benevolence as extravagance and depict unselfishness as folly?

     Translated by Jim Colville

   • 11th century, Al-Raghib al-Isfahani, Al-Kulliyyāt:

     السرف: تجاوز الحد في كلِّ فعل يفعله الإنسان، وإن كان ذلك في الإنفاق أشهر

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Declension of noun سَرَف (saraf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَرَف saraf	السَّرَف as-saraf	سَرَف saraf
Nominative	سَرَفٌ sarafun	السَّرَفُ as-sarafu	سَرَفُ sarafu
Accusative	سَرَفًا sarafan	السَّرَفَ as-sarafa	سَرَفَ sarafa
Genitive	سَرَفٍ sarafin	السَّرَفِ as-sarafi	سَرَفِ sarafi

Synonyms

• إِسْرَاف (ʔisrāf)

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979) “سرف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Persian

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [suɾf]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sʊɾf]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sʊɾf]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sʊɾf]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [suɾf]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [soɹf]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [suɾf]

Readings
Classical reading?	surf
Dari reading?	surf
Iranian reading?	sorf
Tajik reading?	surf

Verb

سرف • (sorf)

1. present stem form of سرفیدن (sorfidan)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَرَف (saraf).

Noun

سرف • (sarf) m (Hindi spelling सर्फ़)

1. extravagance, excess, non-essential expenditure

Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu سرف (sarf).

Noun

سرف (sarf)

1. extravagance, excess, non-essential expenditure