صبح

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See also: ص ب ح

Arabic[edit]

Root
ص ب ح (ṣ-b-ḥ)

Verb[edit]

صَبَحَ • (ṣabaḥa) I, non-past يَصْبَحُ‎ (yaṣbaḥu)

  1. to offer a morning draught to (someone)

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
صَبَحَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun صَبْح)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
صَبْح

ṣabḥ
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
ṣābiḥ
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
maṣbūḥ
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ṣabaḥtu
ṣabaḥta
صَبَحَ

ṣabaḥa
ṣabaḥtumā
ṣabaḥā
ṣabaḥnā
ṣabaḥtum
ṣabaḥū
f
ṣabaḥti
ṣabaḥat
ṣabaḥatā
ṣabaḥtunna
ṣabaḥna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔaṣbaḥu
taṣbaḥu
yaṣbaḥu
taṣbaḥāni
yaṣbaḥāni
naṣbaḥu
taṣbaḥūna
yaṣbaḥūna
f
taṣbaḥīna
taṣbaḥu
taṣbaḥāni
taṣbaḥna
yaṣbaḥna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔaṣbaḥa
taṣbaḥa
yaṣbaḥa
taṣbaḥā
yaṣbaḥā
naṣbaḥa
taṣbaḥū
yaṣbaḥū
f
taṣbaḥī
taṣbaḥa
taṣbaḥā
taṣbaḥna
yaṣbaḥna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔaṣbaḥ
taṣbaḥ
yaṣbaḥ
taṣbaḥā
yaṣbaḥā
naṣbaḥ
taṣbaḥū
yaṣbaḥū
f
taṣbaḥī
taṣbaḥ
taṣbaḥā
taṣbaḥna
yaṣbaḥna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
iṣbaḥ
iṣbaḥā
iṣbaḥū
f
iṣbaḥī
iṣbaḥna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ṣubiḥtu
ṣubiḥta
صُبِحَ

ṣubiḥa
ṣubiḥtumā
ṣubiḥā
ṣubiḥnā
ṣubiḥtum
ṣubiḥū
f
ṣubiḥti
ṣubiḥat
ṣubiḥatā
ṣubiḥtunna
ṣubiḥna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuṣbaḥu
tuṣbaḥu
yuṣbaḥu
tuṣbaḥāni
yuṣbaḥāni
nuṣbaḥu
tuṣbaḥūna
yuṣbaḥūna
f
tuṣbaḥīna
tuṣbaḥu
tuṣbaḥāni
tuṣbaḥna
yuṣbaḥna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuṣbaḥa
tuṣbaḥa
yuṣbaḥa
tuṣbaḥā
yuṣbaḥā
nuṣbaḥa
tuṣbaḥū
yuṣbaḥū
f
tuṣbaḥī
tuṣbaḥa
tuṣbaḥā
tuṣbaḥna
yuṣbaḥna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuṣbaḥ
tuṣbaḥ
yuṣbaḥ
tuṣbaḥā
yuṣbaḥā
nuṣbaḥ
tuṣbaḥū
yuṣbaḥū
f
tuṣbaḥī
tuṣbaḥ
tuṣbaḥā
tuṣbaḥna
yuṣbaḥna

Verb[edit]

صَبُحَ • (ṣabuḥa) I, non-past يَصْبُحُ‎ (yaṣbuḥu)

  1. to be beautiful, to be handsome, to be pretty
  2. to be graceful
  3. to beam, to be radiant

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
صَبُحَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun صَبَاحَة)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
ṣabāḥa
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
ṣābiḥ
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ṣabuḥtu
ṣabuḥta
صَبُحَ

ṣabuḥa
ṣabuḥtumā
ṣabuḥā
ṣabuḥnā
ṣabuḥtum
ṣabuḥū
f
ṣabuḥti
ṣabuḥat
ṣabuḥatā
ṣabuḥtunna
ṣabuḥna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔaṣbuḥu
taṣbuḥu
yaṣbuḥu
taṣbuḥāni
yaṣbuḥāni
naṣbuḥu
taṣbuḥūna
yaṣbuḥūna
f
taṣbuḥīna
taṣbuḥu
taṣbuḥāni
taṣbuḥna
yaṣbuḥna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔaṣbuḥa
taṣbuḥa
yaṣbuḥa
taṣbuḥā
yaṣbuḥā
naṣbuḥa
taṣbuḥū
yaṣbuḥū
f
taṣbuḥī
taṣbuḥa
taṣbuḥā
taṣbuḥna
yaṣbuḥna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔaṣbuḥ
taṣbuḥ
yaṣbuḥ
taṣbuḥā
yaṣbuḥā
naṣbuḥ
taṣbuḥū
yaṣbuḥū
f
taṣbuḥī
taṣbuḥ
taṣbuḥā
taṣbuḥna
yaṣbuḥna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
uṣbuḥ
uṣbuḥā
uṣbuḥū
f
uṣbuḥī
uṣbuḥna

Verb[edit]

صَبَحَ • (ṣabaḥa) I, non-past يَصْبَحُ‎ (yaṣbaḥu) (Classical Arabic)

  1. to be reddish, have reddish locks among grey hair
    Synonyms: اِصْبَاحَّ (iṣbāḥḥa), صَهِبَ (ṣahiba)

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
صَبِحَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns صَبَح or صُبْحَة)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
صَبَح or صُبْحَة

ṣabaḥ or ṣubḥa
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
ṣābiḥ
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ṣabiḥtu
ṣabiḥta
صَبِحَ

ṣabiḥa
ṣabiḥtumā
ṣabiḥā
ṣabiḥnā
ṣabiḥtum
ṣabiḥū
f
ṣabiḥti
ṣabiḥat
ṣabiḥatā
ṣabiḥtunna
ṣabiḥna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔaṣbaḥu
taṣbaḥu
yaṣbaḥu
taṣbaḥāni
yaṣbaḥāni
naṣbaḥu
taṣbaḥūna
yaṣbaḥūna
f
taṣbaḥīna
taṣbaḥu
taṣbaḥāni
taṣbaḥna
yaṣbaḥna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔaṣbaḥa
taṣbaḥa
yaṣbaḥa
taṣbaḥā
yaṣbaḥā
naṣbaḥa
taṣbaḥū
yaṣbaḥū
f
taṣbaḥī
taṣbaḥa
taṣbaḥā
taṣbaḥna
yaṣbaḥna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔaṣbaḥ
taṣbaḥ
yaṣbaḥ
taṣbaḥā
yaṣbaḥā
naṣbaḥ
taṣbaḥū
yaṣbaḥū
f
taṣbaḥī
taṣbaḥ
taṣbaḥā
taṣbaḥna
yaṣbaḥna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
iṣbaḥ
iṣbaḥā
iṣbaḥū
f
iṣbaḥī
iṣbaḥna

Verb[edit]

صَبَّحَ • (ṣabbaḥa) II, non-past يُصَبِّحُ‎ (yuṣabbiḥu)

  1. to offer a morning draught
  2. to come in the morning
  3. to wish a good morning

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
صَبَّحَ
(form-II sound)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
taṣbīḥ
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
muṣabbiḥ
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
muṣabbaḥ
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ṣabbaḥtu
ṣabbaḥta
صَبَّحَ

ṣabbaḥa
ṣabbaḥtumā
ṣabbaḥā
ṣabbaḥnā
ṣabbaḥtum
ṣabbaḥū
f
ṣabbaḥti
ṣabbaḥat
ṣabbaḥatā
ṣabbaḥtunna
ṣabbaḥna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuṣabbiḥu
tuṣabbiḥu
yuṣabbiḥu
tuṣabbiḥāni
yuṣabbiḥāni
nuṣabbiḥu
tuṣabbiḥūna
yuṣabbiḥūna
f
tuṣabbiḥīna
tuṣabbiḥu
tuṣabbiḥāni
tuṣabbiḥna
yuṣabbiḥna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuṣabbiḥa
tuṣabbiḥa
yuṣabbiḥa
tuṣabbiḥā
yuṣabbiḥā
nuṣabbiḥa
tuṣabbiḥū
yuṣabbiḥū
f
tuṣabbiḥī
tuṣabbiḥa
tuṣabbiḥā
tuṣabbiḥna
yuṣabbiḥna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuṣabbiḥ
tuṣabbiḥ
yuṣabbiḥ
tuṣabbiḥā
yuṣabbiḥā
nuṣabbiḥ
tuṣabbiḥū
yuṣabbiḥū
f
tuṣabbiḥī
tuṣabbiḥ
tuṣabbiḥā
tuṣabbiḥna
yuṣabbiḥna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
صَبِّحْ

ṣabbiḥ
ṣabbiḥā
ṣabbiḥū
f
ṣabbiḥī
ṣabbiḥna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ṣubbiḥtu
ṣubbiḥta
صُبِّحَ

ṣubbiḥa
ṣubbiḥtumā
ṣubbiḥā
ṣubbiḥnā
ṣubbiḥtum
ṣubbiḥū
f
ṣubbiḥti
ṣubbiḥat
ṣubbiḥatā
ṣubbiḥtunna
ṣubbiḥna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuṣabbaḥu
tuṣabbaḥu
yuṣabbaḥu
tuṣabbaḥāni
yuṣabbaḥāni
nuṣabbaḥu
tuṣabbaḥūna
yuṣabbaḥūna
f
tuṣabbaḥīna
tuṣabbaḥu
tuṣabbaḥāni
tuṣabbaḥna
yuṣabbaḥna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuṣabbaḥa
tuṣabbaḥa
yuṣabbaḥa
tuṣabbaḥā
yuṣabbaḥā
nuṣabbaḥa
tuṣabbaḥū
yuṣabbaḥū
f
tuṣabbaḥī
tuṣabbaḥa
tuṣabbaḥā
tuṣabbaḥna
yuṣabbaḥna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuṣabbaḥ
tuṣabbaḥ
yuṣabbaḥ
tuṣabbaḥā
yuṣabbaḥā
nuṣabbaḥ
tuṣabbaḥū
yuṣabbaḥū
f
tuṣabbaḥī
tuṣabbaḥ
tuṣabbaḥā
tuṣabbaḥna
yuṣabbaḥna

Noun[edit]

صُبْح • (ṣubḥ) m (plural أَصْبَاح (ʔaṣbāḥ))

  1. (chiefly modern) the time from sunrise to noon, morning
    Synonym: (literary) ضَحْوَة (ḍaḥwa, “forenoon”)
  2. (archaic) the time from morning twilight to sunrise, dayspring
    Synonym: فَجْر (fajr, “dawn”)
    1. (Islam) the first of the five obligatory Islamic daily prayers, the daybreak prayer
      Synonym: فَجْر (fajr, “the dawn prayer”)

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun صُبْح (ṣubḥ)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal صُبْح
ṣubḥ 		الصُّبْح
aṣ-ṣubḥ 		صُبْح
ṣubḥ
Nominative صُبْحٌ
ṣubḥun 		الصُّبْحُ
aṣ-ṣubḥu 		صُبْحُ
ṣubḥu
Accusative صُبْحًا
ṣubḥan 		الصُّبْحَ
aṣ-ṣubḥa 		صُبْحَ
ṣubḥa
Genitive صُبْحٍ
ṣubḥin 		الصُّبْحِ
aṣ-ṣubḥi 		صُبْحِ
ṣubḥi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal صُبْحَيْن
ṣubḥayn 		الصُّبْحَيْن
aṣ-ṣubḥayn 		صُبْحَيْ
ṣubḥay
Nominative صُبْحَانِ
ṣubḥāni 		الصُّبْحَانِ
aṣ-ṣubḥāni 		صُبْحَا
ṣubḥā
Accusative صُبْحَيْنِ
ṣubḥayni 		الصُّبْحَيْنِ
aṣ-ṣubḥayni 		صُبْحَيْ
ṣubḥay
Genitive صُبْحَيْنِ
ṣubḥayni 		الصُّبْحَيْنِ
aṣ-ṣubḥayni 		صُبْحَيْ
ṣubḥay
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَصْبَاح
ʔaṣbāḥ 		الْأَصْبَاح
al-ʔaṣbāḥ 		أَصْبَاح
ʔaṣbāḥ
Nominative أَصْبَاحٌ
ʔaṣbāḥun 		الْأَصْبَاحُ
al-ʔaṣbāḥu 		أَصْبَاحُ
ʔaṣbāḥu
Accusative أَصْبَاحًا
ʔaṣbāḥan 		الْأَصْبَاحَ
al-ʔaṣbāḥa 		أَصْبَاحَ
ʔaṣbāḥa
Genitive أَصْبَاحٍ
ʔaṣbāḥin 		الْأَصْبَاحِ
al-ʔaṣbāḥi 		أَصْبَاحِ
ʔaṣbāḥi

Descendants[edit]

Noun[edit]

صَبْح • (ṣabḥ) m

  1. verbal noun of صَبَحَ (ṣabaḥa) (form I)

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun صَبْح (ṣabḥ)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal صَبْح
ṣabḥ 		الصَّبْح
aṣ-ṣabḥ 		صَبْح
ṣabḥ
Nominative صَبْحٌ
ṣabḥun 		الصَّبْحُ
aṣ-ṣabḥu 		صَبْحُ
ṣabḥu
Accusative صَبْحًا
ṣabḥan 		الصَّبْحَ
aṣ-ṣabḥa 		صَبْحَ
ṣabḥa
Genitive صَبْحٍ
ṣabḥin 		الصَّبْحِ
aṣ-ṣabḥi 		صَبْحِ
ṣabḥi

References[edit]

  • Freytag, Georg (1833) “صبح”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 475–476
  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “صبح”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎[2] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 1303–1304
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “صبح”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
  • Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “صبح”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎[3] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 692–693

Gujarati[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Classical Persian صبح (subh), from Arabic صُبْح (ṣubḥ).

Noun[edit]

صبح • (subah) f (Standard Gujarati સુબહ) (Lisan ud-Dawat)

  1. morning, dawn

Persian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic صُبْح (ṣubḥ).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Audio(file)
 

Readings
Classical reading? suḇh
Dari reading? subh
Iranian reading? sobh
Tajik reading? subh

Noun[edit]

Dari صبح
Iranian Persian
Tajik субҳ

صبح • (sobh)

  1. morning
    Synonyms: صباح, بامداد

Usage notes[edit]

  • In standard Dari and Iranian Persian صباح and صبح are synonymous. However, in many spoken dialects, they are not, with صباح being used to mean "tomorrow". Especially in eastern dialects, such as Dari and some regional dialects in eastern Iran.

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic صُبْح (ṣubḥ).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /sˤubħ/, [ˈsˤʊ.b(o)ħ]
  • Audio (Amman)(file)

Noun[edit]

صبح • (ṣubḥ) m

  1. morning

See also[edit]

Urdu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Classical Persian صبح (subh), from Arabic صُبْح (ṣubḥ).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

صُبْح • (subh) f (Hindi spelling सुबह)

  1. morning
    Antonym: شام (śām)
  2. dawn
    Synonym: سَویرا (saverā)
  3. (figuratively, Islam) fajr – salat (the dawn prayer).

Declension[edit]

Declension of صبح
singular plural
direct صبح (subh) صبحیں (subhẽ)
oblique صبح (subh) صبحوں (subhõ)
vocative صبح (subh) صبحو (subho)

Adverb[edit]

صبح • (subah) (Hindi spelling सुबह)

  1. in the morning

Further reading[edit]

  • “صبح”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “صبح”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “صبح”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
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