ورس

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See also: ورش

Arabic

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ورس

Etymology

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Cognate to Classical Syriac ܘܐܪܫܐ (wʾršʾ), ܘܪܘܫ (wrwš), ܘܪܝܫܐ (wryšʾ), ܘܪܫܐ (wršʾ), which shows by its initial /w/, as this in inherited Northwest Semitic words becomes /j/, that it is a foreign word. The varying vocalization of the Arabic may indicate an Iranian borrowing akin to Persian وش (vaš, flax or boll thereof; uncleaned cotton; a kind of rich satin or other textile), Old Armenian վուշ (vuš, flax; tows thereof), as /a/ regularly switches to /u/ after initial labial during the transition from Middle Persian to Persian in most of its regiolects.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /wars/, /wa.ras/, /wurs/, /wu.rus/

Noun

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وَرْس or وَرَس or وُرْس or وُرُس (wars or waras or wurs or wurusm

  1. Flemingia macrophylla syns. Flemingia rhodocarpa, Flemingia grahamiana, a perennial shrub native to Yemen cultivated because the red glands of it secrete a yellow powder used as a pigment and medicinally, but also for a red pigment from the ground hairs of the red fruits, as well as for medicinal purposes
    Synonym: غُمْرَة (ḡumra)
    • 975–997, محمد بن أحمد الخوارزمي [muḥammad ibn ʕaḥmad al-ḵwārizmī], edited by Gerlof van Vloten, مفاتيح العلوم [mafātīḥ al-ʕulūm], Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1895, pages 169 line 12–170 line 2:
      الَوْرْس يجلب من اليمن أحمر قانٍ يوجد على قشور شجر ينحت منها ويجمع وهو شبيه بالزعفران المسحوق
      Wars is imported from Yemen, blood-red, produces a tree-rind hewn out and collected and it is similar to brayed saffron.
      commented in Seidel, Ernst (1915) “Die Medizin im Kitâb Mafâtîḥ al ʿUlûm”, in Sitzungsberichte der Physikalisch-Medizinischen Sozietät zu Erlangen[1] (in German), volume 47, page 37 Anm. 89

Declension

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Verb

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وَرَّسَ (warrasa) II (non-past يُوَرِّسُ (yuwarrisu), verbal noun تَوْرِيس (tawrīs))

  1. to dye with Flemingia macrophylla

Conjugation

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Derived terms

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  • وَرِيس (warīs, garment dyed with wars)
  • وَرَّسَ (warrasa, to dye with wars)
  • أَوْرَسَ (ʔawrasa, to put forth wars)

Descendants

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  • Harari: ወርሲ (wärsi)
  • Somali: waris

References

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  • wrwš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 186
  • Freytag, Georg (1837) “ورس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[2] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 455b
  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “ورس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[3] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1519b
  • Lane, Edward William (1863) “ورس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[4], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2936b–2937a
  • Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden[5] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 26–27
  • Schönig, Hanne (2002) Schminken, Düfte und Räucherwerk der Jemenitinnen: Lexikon der Substanzen, Utensilien und Techniken (Beiruter Texte und Studien; 91)‎[6], Würzburg: Ergon-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 297–308