چوگان

Ottoman Turkish

چوگان

Alternative forms

• չէվկեան (çevgân) — Armeno-Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian چوگان (čowgân, “crosier; polo stick”), itself from Middle Persian cwpkʾn' (“polo stick”).

Noun

چوگان • (çevgân)

1. jereed, a blunt javelin used by the Turkish people, especially in mock fights

   Synonym: جرید (cirid)

2. polo-stick, mallet, the wooden stick used to strike the ball in the sport of polo

   Synonym: صولجان (sevlecan)

3. crook, a hooked staff used by horsemen to collect weapons from the ground
4. Turkish crescent, a percussion instrument traditionally used by military bands

Derived terms

• چوگانباز (çevgânbaz, “polo player”)
• چوگاندار (çevgândar, “esquire who carries a polo-stick”)
• چوگانزن (çevgânzen, “Turkish crescent player”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: çevgan, çevgen
• → Romanian: cioian

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “çevgân”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 945
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “çevgân”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 190
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “چوگان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 480
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Clava lusoria”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 190
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “چوگان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 1682
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “çevgan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “چوگان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 738

Persian

Alternative forms

• چولگان (čowlagân), چویگان (čuygân)

Etymology

From Middle Persian cwpkʾn' (čōbagān, *čaw(la)gān), cwgʾn' (čōgān).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃaw.ˈɡɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɑ́ːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɑ́ːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɑ́ːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɔ́ːn]

 

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰow.ɡɒ́ːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰow.ɡɒ́ːn]
  • (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰoː.ɡɒ́ːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading?	čawgān
Iranian reading?	čowgân
Tajik reading?	čavgon

Noun

چوگان • (čowgân)

1. (archaic) crosier
2. polo-stick
   • 977-1010, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh

     ز چوگان او گوی شد ناپدید
     تو گفتی سپهرش همی‌برکشید

     zi čawgān-i ō gōy šud nāpadīd
     tu guftī sipihraš hamē-bar-kašīd

     From [the kick of] his polo-stick, the ball disappeared
     It looked such that it was surpassing the heavens

3. polo

Synonyms

• گوی و چوگان (gôy-o-čowgân)

Derived terms

• چوگان‌باز (čowgân-bâz)