撥亂反正

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Chinese

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to put in order, to govern disorder; to manage to redress (an injustice), to right; to return justice, right
trad. (撥亂反正)
simp. (拨乱反正)

Etymology

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From the Commentary of Gongyang:

君子春秋》?春秋》。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
君子春秋》?春秋》。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: Commentary of Gongyang, c. 206 BCE– 9 CE
Jūnzǐ héwèi wéi “Chūnqiū”? luànshì, fǎn zhū zhèng, mò jìn zhū “Chūnqiū”. [Pinyin]
For what (purpose) did the Noble One compose the Spring and Autumn Annals? To repair a chaotic world and redress it in goodness and justice — there is no other way closer to (achieving this ideal) than (the meanings contained in the words of) the Spring and Autumn.

The character in this phrase is traditionally glossed as (zhì, “to impose order; to govern/manage; to repair/cure; etc.”) — for instance by He Xiu (何休, 129–182 CE) and Yan Shigu (顏師古, 581–645 CE) — whereas is interpreted as "disordered; chaotic; upside-down". Alternatively (and rarely), is used as a verb that means "to apply order; to arrange; to manage", and is considered a synonym of here.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1 1/2 2/2 2/2
Initial () (1) (37) (2) (1) (23)
Final () (64) (62) (66) (66) (121)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Departing (H) Level (Ø) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed Closed Closed Open
Division () I I III III III
Fanqie
Baxter pat lwanH phjon pjonX tsyengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/puɑt̚/ /luɑnH/ /pʰʉɐn/ /pʉɐnX/ /t͡ɕiᴇŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/pʷɑt̚/ /lʷɑnH/ /pʰʷiɐn/ /pʷiɐnX/ /t͡ɕiɛŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/puɑt̚/ /luɑnH/ /pʰiuɐn/ /piuɐnX/ /t͡ɕiæŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/pwat̚/ /lwanH/ /pʰuan/ /puanX/ /ciajŋH/
Li
Rong
/puɑt̚/ /luɑnH/ /pʰiuɐn/ /piuɐnX/ /t͡ɕiɛŋH/
Wang
Li
/puɑt̚/ /luɑnH/ /pʰĭwɐn/ /pĭwɐnX/ /t͡ɕĭɛŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/puɑt̚/ /luɑnH/ /pʰi̯wɐn/ /pi̯wɐnX/ /t͡ɕi̯ɛŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
bo luàn fān fǎn zhèng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
but3 lyun6 faan1 faan2 zing3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1 2/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
luàn fǎn zhèng
Middle
Chinese
‹ pat › ‹ lwanH › ‹ pjonX › ‹ tsyengH ›
Old
Chinese
/*pˁat/ /*[r]ˁo[n]-s/ /*Cə.panʔ/ /*teŋ-s/
English spread out disorder, rebellion reverse (v.) correct (adj., v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1 2/2 1/2 2/2
No. 2831 8645 2974 2968 17178
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 3 1 1 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*paːd/ /*roːns/ /*pʰan/ /*panʔ/ /*tjeŋs/

Idiom

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撥亂反正

  1. to bring order out of chaos; to set right what have been thrown into disorder; to restore justice