流浪

Chinese

		to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move	wave; breaker; unrestrained wave; breaker; unrestrained; dissipated
trad. (流浪)		流	浪
simp. #(流浪)		流	浪

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liúlàng

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lau⁴ long⁶

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): liù-long
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liû-lōng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: liúlàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lióulàng
    • Wade–Giles: liu²-lang⁴
    • Yale: lyóu-làng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lioulanq
    • Palladius: люлан (ljulan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯oʊ̯³⁵ lɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lau⁴ long⁶
    • Yale: làuh lohng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁴ long⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: leo⁴ long⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯²¹ lɔːŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liù-long
    • Hakka Romanization System: liuˇ long
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liu² long⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯u¹¹ loŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liû-lōng
    • Tâi-lô: liû-lōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liulong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liu²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liu²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liu¹³⁻²² lɔŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liu²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liu²³⁻³³ lɔŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: ljuw langH

Rime
Character	流	浪
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	力求切	來宕切
Baxter	ljuw	langH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨu/	/lɑŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/liu/	/lɑŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/liəu/	/lɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luw/	/laŋH/
Li Rong	/liu/	/lɑŋH/
Wang Li	/lĭəu/	/lɑŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ə̯u/	/lɑŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liú	làng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lau4	long6

Verb

禁止餵食流浪犬 (“No feeding stray dogs”)

流浪

1. to lead a vagrant life; to wander the streets

Synonyms

• 沒落／没落 (mòluò) (literary)
• 流落 (liúluò)
• 流蕩／流荡 (liúdàng)
• 流離／流离 (liúlí)
• 淪落／沦落 (lúnluò)
• 漂泊 (piāobó)
• 飄蕩／飘荡 (piāodàng)

 

Derived terms

• 流浪漢／流浪汉 (liúlànghàn)
• 流浪犬 (liúlàngquǎn)
• 流浪狗 (liúlànggǒu)
• 流浪貓／流浪猫 (liúlàngmāo)

 

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
流	浪
る Grade: 3	ろう Grade: S
goon	on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) るろー [rùróó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɾɯ̟ᵝɾo̞ː]

Noun

流(る)浪(ろう) • (rurō) ^{←るらう (rurau)?}

1. wandering

   Synonym: 放浪 (hōrō)

Derived terms

• 流(る)浪(ろう)者(しゃ) (rurōsha)

Verb

流(る)浪(ろう)する • (rurō suru) ^{←るらう (rurau)?}intransitive suru (stem 流(る)浪(ろう)し (rurō shi), past 流(る)浪(ろう)した (rurō shita))

1. to wander

   Synonym: 放浪する (hōrō suru)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "流浪する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	流浪し	るろうし	rurō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	流浪し	るろうし	rurō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	流浪する	るろうする	rurō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	流浪する	るろうする	rurō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	流浪すれ	るろうすれ	rurō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	流浪せよ¹ 流浪しろ²	るろうせよ¹ るろうしろ²	rurō seyo¹ rurō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	流浪される	るろうされる	rurō sareru
Causative	流浪させる 流浪さす	るろうさせる るろうさす	rurō saseru rurō sasu
Potential	流浪できる	るろうできる	rurō dekiru
Volitional	流浪しよう	るろうしよう	rurō shiyō
Negative	流浪しない	るろうしない	rurō shinai
Negative continuative	流浪せず	るろうせず	rurō sezu
Formal	流浪します	るろうします	rurō shimasu
Perfective	流浪した	るろうした	rurō shita
Conjunctive	流浪して	るろうして	rurō shite
Hypothetical conditional	流浪すれば	るろうすれば	rurō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
流	浪
さすらい
Grade: 3	Grade: S
jukujikun

For pronunciation and definitions of 流浪 – see the following entry.

【さすらい】 [noun] wandering; homelessness Alternative spelling 流離

(This term, 流浪, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
流	浪

Noun

流浪 • (yurang) (hangeul 유랑)

1. Hanja form^? of 유랑.