海豚
Chinese[edit]
ocean; sea | suckling pig | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (海豚) | 海 | 豚 | |
simp. #(海豚) | 海 | 豚 |
Etymology[edit]
Native formation, attested abundantly in the Classical era. Also 海豨 (hǎixī, literally “sea-pig”), 江豚 (jiāngtún, literally “river-pig”). Semantically compare English mereswine (“porpoise or dolphin”, literally “sea-pig”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi2 tyun4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hói-thùn
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 5he-den
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ ㄊㄨㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hǎitún
- Wade–Giles: hai3-tʻun2
- Yale: hǎi-twún
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haetwen
- Palladius: хайтунь (xajtunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: hoi2 tyun4
- Yale: hói tyùhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoi2 tyn4
- Guangdong Romanization: hoi2 tün4
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔːi̯³⁵ tʰyːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hói-thùn
- Hakka Romanization System: hoi` tunˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hoi3 tun2
- Sinological IPA: /hoi̯³¹ tʰun¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: xojX dwon
Noun[edit]
海豚
Synonyms[edit]
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 海豨 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 海豚 | |
Taxonomic name | 海豚 | |
Mandarin | Taiwan | 海豚 |
Singapore | 海豚 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 海豬, 海豚 |
Hong Kong | 海豚 | |
Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 海豚, 海豬 |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 海豚 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 海豚 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 海豚 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 海豚 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 海豬 | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 白鰗, 海豬, 媽祖婆魚, 媽祖魚, 鎮港魚 |
Zhangzhou | 白鰗, 媽祖婆魚, 媽祖魚, 鎮港魚 | |
Taipei | 海豬仔 | |
Taipei (Wanhua) | 海豬 | |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 海豬仔 | |
Kaohsiung | 海豬, 烏鯃 | |
Yilan | 海豬仔, 海豬 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 海豬仔, 海豬 | |
Taichung | 海豬 | |
Taichung (Wuqi) | 海豬 | |
Tainan | 海豬仔, 海豬 | |
Taitung | 海豬 | |
Taitung (Green Island) | 烏鯃 | |
Hsinchu | 海豬, 海豬仔 | |
Pingtung (Liuqiu) | 烏鯃 | |
Kinmen | 海豬 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 海鼠, 烏鯃 | |
Penghu (Pengnan) | 海鼠 | |
Penghu (Xiyu) | 海鼠 | |
Penghu (Huxi) | 海鼠 | |
Penghu (Wangan) | 海鼠 | |
Penghu (Cimei) | 海鼠, 烏鯃 | |
Penghu (Huayu) | 烏鯃 | |
Penghu (Zhongtun) | 海鼠 | |
Penghu (Houliao) | 海鼠 | |
Penghu (Tongliang) | 海鼠, 烏鯃, 白鯃 | |
Penghu (Jibei) | 烏鯃, 白鯃 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 海豬 | |
Nan'ao (Houzhai) | 白吳 | |
Puxian Min | Putian | 海豬 |
Xianyou | 海豬 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 海豚 |
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
いるか | |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
jukujikun |
Alternative spellings |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) 鯆 (rare) |
From Old Japanese. Attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the phonetic spelling 入鹿魚.[1]
Further etymology Uncertain. One of the possible native-Japanese theories is that this was originally a compound of Old Japanese elements 魚 (iwo, “fish”) + 食 (uka, “food, something used as food”), with the following sound shifts.
- /iwo uka/ → /iru uka/ → /iruka/
Another possibility is that it was a borrowing from Ainu. Compare Sakhalin Ainu リク (riku), イリク (iriku), or Kuril Ainu リカ (rika, “whale”).[2][3] Given the unlikely sound shift required for the Old Japanese derivation and the lack of cognates in the Ryukyuan languages (see Proto-Ryukyuan *peto), an origin from Ainu seems more likely.
The spelling 海豚, which literally means “sea pig”, is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イルカ.
Derived terms[edit]
- 海豚座 (Irukaza): Dolphin constellation, Delphinus
- 鼠海豚 (nezumi iruka): harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 107
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2022) “Ainu elements in early Japonic”, in Handbook of the Ainu Language,
- ^ 2005, Martine Robbeets (2005:190) Is Japanese Related to Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic?
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Kikai[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚 (fītu).
Noun[edit]
海豚 or 海豚 (fitu or pitu)
Kunigami[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚 (fītu).
Noun[edit]
海豚 (hīthui)
Northern Amami-Oshima[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚 (fītu).
Noun[edit]
海豚 (hutu)
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”).
Noun[edit]
海豚 (fītu)
Southern Amami-Oshima[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚 (fītu).
Noun[edit]
海豚 (hutu)
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- zh:Cetaceans
- Japanese terms spelled with 海
- Japanese terms spelled with 豚
- Japanese terms read with jukujikun
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with unknown etymologies
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms borrowed from Ainu
- Japanese terms derived from Ainu
- Japanese terms borrowed from Chinese
- Japanese orthographic borrowings from Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms written with two Han script characters
- ja:Cetaceans
- Kikai terms spelled with 海
- Kikai terms spelled with 豚
- Kikai terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Kikai terms derived from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Kikai lemmas
- Kikai nouns
- Kikai terms with multiple readings
- Kikai terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Kikai terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Kikai terms written with two Han script characters
- kzg:Cetaceans
- Kunigami terms spelled with 海
- Kunigami terms spelled with 豚
- Kunigami terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Kunigami terms derived from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Kunigami lemmas
- Kunigami nouns
- Kunigami terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Kunigami terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Kunigami terms written with two Han script characters
- xug:Cetaceans
- Northern Amami-Oshima terms spelled with 海
- Northern Amami-Oshima terms spelled with 豚
- Northern Amami-Oshima terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Northern Amami-Oshima terms derived from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Northern Amami-Oshima lemmas
- Northern Amami-Oshima nouns
- Northern Amami-Oshima terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Northern Amami-Oshima terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Northern Amami-Oshima terms written with two Han script characters
- ryn:Cetaceans
- Okinawan terms spelled with 海
- Okinawan terms spelled with 豚
- Okinawan terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Okinawan terms derived from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan nouns
- Okinawan terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Okinawan terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Okinawan terms written with two Han script characters
- ryu:Cetaceans
- Southern Amami-Oshima terms spelled with 海
- Southern Amami-Oshima terms spelled with 豚
- Southern Amami-Oshima terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Southern Amami-Oshima terms derived from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Southern Amami-Oshima lemmas
- Southern Amami-Oshima nouns
- Southern Amami-Oshima terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Southern Amami-Oshima terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Southern Amami-Oshima terms written with two Han script characters
- ams:Cetaceans