외력

Korean

Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 外力, from 外 (“outer”) + 力 (“force”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈwe̞(ː)ɾjʌ̹k̚] ~ [ˈø̞(ː)ɾjʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [웨(ː)력/외(ː)력]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	oeryeok
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	oelyeog
McCune–Reischauer?	oeryŏk
Yale Romanization?	ōylyek

Noun

외력 • (oeryeok) (hanja 外力)

1. external force

   Coordinate term: 내력(內力) (naeryeok, “internal force”)

   외력을 가하다 ― oeryeog-eul gahada ― to exert external force

   • 1952 September 27, “迷信(미신)과 虛禮(허례)를 打破(타파)하자”, in The Dong-a Ilbo:

     自(자)力(력)으로 繁(번)營(영)을 勞(노)作(작)할 決(결)心(심)과 意(의)志(지)와 決(결)斷(단)性(성)이 없이 外(외)力(력)에 依(의)存(존)하는 것은 自(자)滅(멸)을 招(초)來(래)할 뿐이다.

     自 (ja) 力 (ryeok)-euro 繁 (beon) 營 (yeong)-eul 勞 (no) 作 (jak)hal 決 (gyeol) 心 (sim)-gwa 意 (ui) 志 (ji)-wa 決 (gyeol) 斷 (dan) 性 (seong)-i eopsi 外 (oe) 力 (ryeok)-e 依 (ui) 存 (jon)haneun geos-eun 自 (ja) 滅 (myeol)-eul 招 (cho) 來 (rae)hal ppun-ida.

     To rely on an external force without the determination and will and resolution to strive for prosperity by one's own strength will only bring about self-destruction.

   • 2021 May 30, “생후 한달도 안 된 아들 죽어가는데 신고 머뭇거린 친모 [saenghu handaldo an doen adeul jugeoganeunde sin'go meomutgeorin chinmo]”, in yna.co.kr‎^[1], Yonhap News Agency:

     "머리 전체 여기저기에 출혈이 있는데 발생 시기가 다르다"며 "머리에 대단히 큰 외력이 가해진 것으로 판단된다"고 밝혔다.

     Meori jeonche yeogijeogi-e chulhyeor-i inneunde balsaeng sigi-ga dareuda-myeo meori-e daedanhi keun oeryeog-i gahaejin geos-euro pandandoenda-go balkyeotda.

     [He] stated that "there are hemorrhages here and there all over the head, inflicted at different times," and that "it appears that very formidable external force was exerted on the head."