𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍃

Gothic

Etymology

Uncertain etymology; seemingly from Proto-Germanic *halkaz. Some have linked this to 𐌿𐍃𐌷𐌿𐌻𐍉𐌽 (ushulōn), Proto-West Germanic *halh and Old English healoc, which would suggest a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-.

There are no apparent non-Germanic cognates. Has been cited as a possible source of Old Church Slavonic хлакъ (xlakŭ), but according to Lehmann this proposed borrowing is 'dubous semantically'.

Adjective

𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍃 • (halks)

1. in vain, vain, futile

Declension

A-stem
Strong (indefinite) inflection
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍃 halks	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰 halka	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺, 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐍄𐌰 halk, halkata
Accusative	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌰 halkana	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰 halka	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺, 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐍄𐌰 halk, halkata
Genitive	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌹𐍃 halkis	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 halkaizōs	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌹𐍃 halkis
Dative	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 halkamma	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌹 halkai	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 halkamma
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌹 halkai	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍉𐍃 halkōs	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰 halka
Accusative	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌽𐍃 halkans	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍉𐍃 halkōs	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰 halka
Genitive	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 halkaizē	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉 halkaizō	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 halkaizē
Dative	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌼 halkaim	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌼 halkaim	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌼 halkaim
Weak (definite) inflection
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰 halka	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍉 halkō	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍉 halkō
Accusative	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌽 halkan	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍉𐌽 halkōn	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍉 halkō
Genitive	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌹𐌽𐍃 halkins	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍉𐌽𐍃 halkōns	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌹𐌽𐍃 halkins
Dative	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌹𐌽 halkin	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍉𐌽 halkōn	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌹𐌽 halkin
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌽𐍃 halkans	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍉𐌽𐍃 halkōns	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌰 halkōna
Accusative	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌽𐍃 halkans	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍉𐌽𐍃 halkōns	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌰 halkōna
Genitive	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌴 halkanē	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍉𐌽𐍉 halkōnō	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌴 halkanē
Dative	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌼 halkam	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍉𐌼 halkōm	𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌰𐌼 halkam

References

• Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986) “H32. halks”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 174
• Stiles, Patrick V. (1997) “OE halh "slightly raised ground isolated by marsh"”, in Alexander Rumble, A. D. Mills, editors, Names, places and people : an onomastic miscellany in memory of John McNeal Dodgson, Stamford: Paul Watkins, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 330–344