-уем

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Bulgarian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *-ujemъ, present passive participle ending of ova-conjugation verbs. In Modern Bulgarian, the derivatives constructed with this suffix are interpreted as normal adjectives.

Suffix

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-уем (-uem)

  1. (productive) Deverbal from transitive verbs in ova-conjugation, forms adjectives expressing capacity, susceptibility, eventuality, or condition: -able
    описвам (opisvam, to describe)описуем (opisuem, describable)
    наказвам (nakazvam, to punish)наказуем (nakazuem, punishable)
    минавам (minavam, to pass)неминуем (neminuem, inevitable, impending) (negated form)
    таксувам (taksuvam, to tax)таксуем (taksuem, taxable, leviable)
  2. (semi-productive) Deverbal from borrowed transitive verbs in Bulgarian -ирам (-iram), forms adjectives expressing capacity, susceptibility, eventuality, or condition: -able
    анализирам (analiziram, to analyze)анализируем (analiziruem, analyzable)
    контролирам (kontroliram, to control)контролируем (kontroliruem, controlable)

Usage notes

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The suffix -уем (-uem) is the historical present passive participle ending of ova-conjugation verbs (> Bulgarian -вам (-vam), -увам (-uvam)). Modern Bulgarian has also developed an alternative suffix -ваем (-vaem) from the historical va-conjugation.

Alternative forms

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Derived terms

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References

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  • St. Stoyanov (1983) “Прилагателни имена от причастия”, in Граматика на съвременния български книжовен език, volume 2, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 150