-곰

Middle Korean

Etymology

From Old Korean 厼 (*kwom).

Particle

곰〮 (-kwóm)

1. (after a noun phrase) each by a certain amount or quantity
   • 1447, 석보상절 [seokbosangjeol], volume 3:

     調達이와 難陀왜 몬져 쏘니 各各 세콤 ᄢᅦ여디거늘

     TTYWOTTALQiwa NANTAGway mwoncye sswoni KAKKAK seykhwom pskeyyetikenul

     Devadatta and Nandha shot first, and they each pierced three [drums].

2. (after an adverbial phrase) An emphatic particle.
   • a. 1517, 번역노걸대 [beonyeongnogeoldae], volume 하 [ha]:

     네 이리곰 갑슬 닐어 므슴 ᄒᆞᆯ다

     Ney ilikwom kapsul nile musum holta

     What do you trying to do, asking for such [a high] price?

Suffix

곰〮 (-kwóm)

1. Expresses habitual or iterative aspect, often followed by ᄒᆞ다 (hota).
   • 1459, 월인석보 [worinseokbo], volume 20:

     가ᄀᆞ기 놀라ᄫᅵ 니러셔다가 ᄯᅩ 도로 아ᇇ곰 ᄒᆞ실ᄊᆡ

     Kakoki nwollaWi nilesyetaka stwo twolwo anskwom hosilssoy

     Because he kept suddenly standing up surprised, and then sitting back down again

Descendants

• Korean: 금 (-geum)
  • ⇒ Korean: 다시금 (dasigeum), 하여금 (hayeogeum)
• Korean: 곤 (-gon, habitual verbal suffix)