-ndama
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See also: ndama
Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-ntadak, possibly even from Proto-Uralic *-mta-.
Suffix
[edit]-ndama (da-infinitive -ndada)
- Forms causative verbs from adjectives, meaning "causing to become" or "making".; -en, -fy.
- lahja (“bland”) + -ndama → lahjendama (“dilute”)
- paks (“thick”) + -ndama → paksendama (“thicken”)
- suur (“large”) + -ndama → suurendama (“magnify”)
Inflection
[edit]Conjugation of -ndama (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -ndan | ei -nda | 1st sing. | olen -ndanud | ei ole -ndanud pole -ndanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -ndad | 2nd sing. | oled -ndanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -ndab | 3rd sing. | on -ndanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -ndame | 1st plur. | oleme -ndanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -ndate | 2nd plur. | olete -ndanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -ndavad | 3rd plur. | on -ndanud | ||||||
| passive | -ndatakse | ei -ndata | passive | on -ndatud | ei ole -ndatud pole -ndatud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -ndasin | ei -ndanud | 1st sing. | olin -ndanud | ei olnud -ndanud polnud -ndanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -ndasid | 2nd sing. | olid -ndanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -ndas | 3rd sing. | oli -ndanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -ndasime | 1st plur. | olime -ndanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -ndasite | 2nd plur. | olite -ndanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -ndasid | 3rd plur. | oli -ndanud | ||||||
| passive | -ndati | ei -ndatud | passive | oli -ndatud | ei olnud -ndatud polnud -ndatud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -ndaksin | ei -ndaks | 1st sing. | -ndanuksin oleksin -ndanud |
ei -ndanuks ei oleks -ndanud poleks -ndanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -ndaksid | 2nd sing. | -ndanuksid oleksid -ndanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -ndaks | 3rd sing. | -ndanuks oleks -ndanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -ndaksime | 1st plur. | -ndanuksime oleksime -ndanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -ndaksite | 2nd plur. | -ndanuksite oleksite -ndanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -ndaksid | 3rd plur. | -ndanuksid oleksid -ndanud | ||||||
| passive | -ndataks | ei -ndataks | passive | oleks -ndatud | ei oleks -ndatud poleks -ndatud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -nda | ära -nda | 2nd sing. | ole -ndanud | ära ole -ndanud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | -ndagu | ärgu -ndagu | 3rd sing. | olgu -ndanud | ärgu olgu -ndanud | ||||
| 1st plur. | -ndagem | ärme -ndame ärme -nda ärgem -ndagem |
1st plur. | olgem -ndanud | ärme oleme -ndanud ärme ole -ndanud ärgem olgem -ndanud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | -ndage | ärge -ndage | 2nd plur. | olge -ndanud | ärge olge -ndanud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | -ndagu | ärgu -ndagu | 3rd plur. | olgu -ndanud | ärgu olgu -ndanud | ||||
| passive | -ndatagu | ärgu -ndatagu | passive | olgu -ndatud | ärgu olgu -ndatud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | -ndavat | ei -ndavat | active | olevat -ndanud | ei olevat -ndanud polevat -ndanud | ||||
| passive | -ndatavat | ei -ndatavat | passive | olevat -ndatud | ei olevat -ndatud polevat -ndatud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | -ndama | -ndatama | nominative | -ndada | olla -ndanud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | -ndades | olles -ndanud | |||||
| inessive | -ndamas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | -ndamast | present | -ndav | -ndatav | |||||
| translative | -ndamaks | past | -ndanud | -ndatud | |||||
| abessive | -ndamata | negative | -ndamatu | — | |||||