Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tiną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Of obscure origin, but would have likely evolved from Pre-Proto-Germanic *dinom, which Orel derives from Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (“to shine”); see Sanskrit दीप् (dīp, “to blaze, glow”) for more.[1] Another theory takes the word as a borrowing from a pre-Indo-European substrate of western Europe, based on the tin bronze technology of the area in pre-Indo-European times.[2]

Likely related to Old Irish tinne (“ingot”) (itself a hapax legomenon).[3] The potential connection to Proto-Celtic *stagnos (“tin”) (whence Latin stannum (“id”)) suffers from many formal issues.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

*tiną n

  1. tin (metal)

Inflection[edit]

neuter a-stemDeclension of *tiną (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *tiną *tinō
vocative *tiną *tinō
accusative *tiną *tinō
genitive *tinas, *tinis *tinǫ̂
dative *tinai *tinamaz
instrumental *tinō *tinamiz

Descendants[edit]

  • Proto-West Germanic: *tin
    • Old English: tin
      • Middle English: tyn, tin, tyne, tynne
        • English: tin
          • → Atong (India): tin
          • → Iban: tin
          • → Indonesian: tin
          • → Norman: tinne
          • Tok Pisin: tin
        • Scots: tin
    • Old Frisian: tinn
      • Saterland Frisian: Tin
      • West Frisian: tin
    • Old Saxon: tin
      • Middle Low German: tin, ten
        • German Low German: Tinn
    • Old Dutch: *tin
    • Old High German: zin
  • >? Old Norse: (probably a West Germanic loan) tin
  • → Proto-Samic: *tënē (see there for further descendants)
  • → Proto-Finnic: *tina

References[edit]

  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*tinan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 407
  2. ^ “tin”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
  3. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*tina-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 517-8
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