Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/klɛɔŋ

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This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien[edit]

Alternative reconstructions[edit]

Ostapirat (2016)[1] reconstructs *kr- as the initial.

Etymology[edit]

Areal word; compare Proto-Austroasiatic *krəŋ (“horn”)[2] (Sidwell & Rau, 2015), as well as Old Chinese 角 (OC *kroːɡ, *ɡ·roːɡ, “horn”).[3]

Benedict (1987) suggests a Tibeto-Burman origin. He reconstructs *krɔŋᴬ for "Donor-Miao-Yao" (the Tibeto-Burman language that was the source of the Proto-Hmong-Mien word).[4]

Noun[edit]

*klɛɔŋ

  1. horn (of animal)

Descendants[edit]

  • Hmongic
    • Pa Hng
      • Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: qaŋ³⁵ŋ̩³³
      • Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: qaŋ³⁵ŋ̩³³
    • North Hmongic
      • West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: qo³⁵ɕe³⁵
      • East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: ki⁰³ki⁵³ȵ̩³¹
    • East Hmongic
      • North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: ki³³
      • East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: ki²⁴
      • South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: ko¹³
      • West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: ki⁴⁴
    • Sheic
      • Younuo 优诺: ŋu¹³ku⁴⁴
      • Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: ŋjo³³kjaŋ⁴⁴
      • Bana 巴那: kjon¹³ŋ̩³¹³
      • She - Xiashuicun 下水村: jɔ³¹kjaŋ²²
    • West Hmongic
      • Bunu
        • Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: kjoŋ³³vɔ²³¹
        • Nunu - Xishan 西山: koŋ³³vo⁴⁴
        • Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: tɕʰou¹³kuŋ³³
      • Core
        • East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: tə⁰²kaŋ³¹
        • West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: tə⁰²kɑŋ³¹
        • Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: kə̃²⁴
        • Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: koŋ³²ŋu⁵³
        • A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: ku⁵⁵ȵɦu³⁵
        • Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: ko⁴³
          • White Hmong: kub
  • Mienic
    • Mien
      • Guangdian (Jiangdi): ŋoŋ³¹tɕoːŋ³³
      • Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): ŋuŋ³¹kɔŋ³³
    • Kim Mun
      • Diangui (Liangzi): ŋɔŋ³³kjaŋ³⁵
      • Fanghai (Tansan): ŋɔːŋ³³kjɔːŋ³⁵
    • Biao Mon
      • Changping: ŋoŋ³¹kjoːŋ³³
      • Luoxiang: ŋoŋ³¹kɔŋ³³
    • Biao Min
      • Dongshan: ȵuŋ³¹klɔ³³
      • Shikou: ŋɔŋ⁵⁵kloŋ¹³
      • Niuweizhai: ŋɔŋ⁵³kɣɔ³³
    • Dzao Min (Daping): ŋ̩⁵³kɔu⁴⁴

References[edit]

  1. ^ Ostapirat, Weera (2016) “Issues in the Reconstruction and Affiliation of Proto-Miao-Yao”, in Language and Linguistics‎[1], volume 17, number 1, →DOI, pages 133–145
  2. ^ Ostapirat, Weera (2018) “Macrophyletic Trees of East Asian Languages Re examined”, in Kikusawa, Ritsuko, Reid, Lawrence A., editors, Let's Talk about Trees (Senri Ethnological Studies), Osaka: Minpaku, →DOI
  3. ^ Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, pages 91-2.
  4. ^ Benedict, Paul K. (1987) “Early MY/TB loan relationships”, in Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area‎[2], volume 10, number 2, pages 12-21.
  • Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
  • Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)
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