Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵn̥h₃sḱéti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From *ǵneh₃- (“to recognise, to know”) + *-sḱéti (durative verbal suffix).
Verb[edit]
*ǵn̥h₃sḱéti (imperfective)[1]
- to recognise
Inflection[edit]
| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *ǵn̥h₃sḱónti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóh₂ | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóm | — | *ǵn̥h₃sḱṓh₂ | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *ǵn̥h₃sḱési | *ǵn̥h₃sḱés | *ǵn̥h₃sḱé | *ǵn̥h₃sḱḗsi | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóys |
| 3rd singular | *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti | *ǵn̥h₃sḱét | *ǵn̥h₃sḱétu | *ǵn̥h₃sḱḗti | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóyt |
| 1st dual | *ǵn̥h₃sḱówos | *ǵn̥h₃sḱówe | — | *ǵn̥h₃sḱṓwos | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóywe |
| 2nd dual | *ǵn̥h₃sḱétes | *ǵn̥h₃sḱétom | *ǵn̥h₃sḱétom | *ǵn̥h₃sḱḗtes | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóytom |
| 3rd dual | *ǵn̥h₃sḱétes | *ǵn̥h₃sḱétām | *ǵn̥h₃sḱétām | *ǵn̥h₃sḱḗtes | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóytām |
| 1st plural | *ǵn̥h₃sḱómos | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóme | — | *ǵn̥h₃sḱṓmos | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóyme |
| 2nd plural | *ǵn̥h₃sḱéte | *ǵn̥h₃sḱéte | *ǵn̥h₃sḱéte | *ǵn̥h₃sḱḗte | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóyte |
| 3rd plural | *ǵn̥h₃sḱónti | *ǵn̥h₃sḱónt | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóntu | *ǵn̥h₃sḱṓnti | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *ǵn̥h₃sḱónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóh₂er | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóh₂e | — | *ǵn̥h₃sḱṓh₂er | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *ǵn̥h₃sḱéth₂er | *ǵn̥h₃sḱéth₂e | *ǵn̥h₃sḱéso | *ǵn̥h₃sḱḗth₂er | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *ǵn̥h₃sḱétor | *ǵn̥h₃sḱéto | *? | *ǵn̥h₃sḱḗtor | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóyto, *ǵn̥h₃sḱóyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *ǵn̥h₃sḱówosdʰh₂ | *ǵn̥h₃sḱówedʰh₂ | — | *ǵn̥h₃sḱṓwosdʰh₂ | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *ǵn̥h₃sḱómosdʰh₂ | *ǵn̥h₃sḱómedʰh₂ | — | *ǵn̥h₃sḱṓmosdʰh₂ | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *ǵn̥h₃sḱédʰh₂we | *ǵn̥h₃sḱédʰh₂we | *ǵn̥h₃sḱédʰh₂we | *ǵn̥h₃sḱḗdʰh₂we | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóror, *ǵn̥h₃sḱóntor | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóro, *ǵn̥h₃sḱónto | *? | *ǵn̥h₃sḱṓror, *ǵn̥h₃sḱṓntor | *ǵn̥h₃sḱóyro, *ǵn̥h₃sḱóyh₁n̥to |
| Participle | *ǵn̥h₃sḱómnos | ||||
Descendants[edit]
- Proto-Albanian: *gnāska
- Albanian: njoh
- Armenian:
- Proto-Hellenic: *gignṓskō
- Ancient Greek: γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́naHsćáti
- Proto-Iranian: *jnaHŝáti
- Proto-Italic: *gnōskō (see there for further descendants)
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN