Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éyos
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Proto-Indo-European[edit]
Alternative reconstructions[edit]
- *áyos[1]
Noun[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
This is the only word in Proto-Indo-European that unequivocally refers to a metal. There is no word for iron and the words for gold and silver seem to mean “that which shines”, or “the golden” and “the silvery”, respectively. In the early Indo-European languages, this word refers to copper (and bronze), and the Proto-Indo-European word refers with absolute certainty to one of these metals, or both. This shows that the Indo-European language was spoken during a time when copper was used.
Inflection[edit]
Athematic, acrostatic | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | |||
nominative | *h₂éyos | ||
genitive | *h₂éyesos | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | *h₂éyos | *h₂éyesih₁ | *h₂éyōs |
vocative | *h₂éyos | *h₂éyesih₁ | *h₂éyōs |
accusative | *h₂éyos | *h₂éyesih₁ | *h₂éyōs |
genitive | *h₂éyesos | *? | *h₂éyesoHom |
ablative | *h₂éyesos | *? | *h₂éyesmos |
dative | *h₂éyesey | *? | *h₂éyesmos |
locative | *h₂éyes, *h₂éyesi | *? | *h₂éyesu |
instrumental | *h₂éyesh₁ | *? | *h₂éyesmis |
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Proto-Germanic: *aiz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háyas (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *aos
- Latin: aes
References[edit]
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ^ Wikander, Ola (2008) Ett träd med vida grenar: de indoeuropeiska språkens historia (in Swedish), Stockholm: Prisma, →ISBN
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN