Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žьlna

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gilˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European root:

• *gʷelH- (“torment, sting”). Related to *žalь (“pity, regret”), *želěti (“to regret”), *želja (“grief”).
• *ǵʰelh₃-. Related to *žьltъ (“yellow”), *zelenъ (“green”).

Cognate with Lithuanian gilnà (“green woodpecker”), Latvian dzil̂na (“woodpecker”)

Noun

*žьlna f

1. woodpecker, green woodpecker

Declension

Declension of *žьlna (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*žьlna	*žьlně	*žьlny
genitive	*žьlny	*žьlnu	*žьlnъ
dative	*žьlně	*žьlnama	*žьlnamъ
accusative	*žьlnǫ	*žьlně	*žьlny
instrumental	*žьlnojǫ, *žьlnǫ**	*žьlnama	*žьlnami
locative	*žьlně	*žьlnu	*žьlnasъ, *žьlnaxъ*
vocative	*žьlno	*žьlně	*žьlny

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• Church Slavonic: жлъна (žlŭna) (Russian)

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: *жьлна (*žĭlna)
    • Belarusian: жаўна́ (žaŭná)
    • Russian: желна́ (želná)
    • Ukrainian: жо́вна (žóvna)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: жълна́ (žǎlná)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: жуна

    Latin script: žuna

  • Slovene: žółna (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: žluna
    • Czech: žluna
      • Moravian (Mistřice): žuna
  • Kashubian: żôłna
  • Polish: żołna
  • Slovak: žlna
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: žołma
    • Lower Sorbian: žołma

References

• Derksen, Rick (2008) “žьlna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 565
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “желна”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “желна”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 296
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жълна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 563
• https://slovari.yandex.ru/~книги/Этимологический%20словарь/Желна/