Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tīĺ

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/til

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

• *tï̄ĺ (back vowel)

Etymology

Unknown. Compare Proto-Tungusic *ǯul- (“wedge”), Proto-Uralic *tolwa (“wedge, peg”) and Udmurt тул (tul, “wedge”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*tīĺ

1. tooth

Declension

Declension of *tīĺ

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*tīĺ
Accusative	*tīĺni, *tīĺig 4), *tīĺnig 1)
Genitive	*tīĺniŋ
Dative	*tīĺke
Locative	*tīĺte
Ablative	*tīĺten
Allative	*tīĺgerü
Instrumental 2)	*tīĺin
Equative 2)	*tīĺče
Similative 2)	*tīĺleyü
Comitative 2)	*tīĺligü

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms

• *tīĺ-lig
• *tīĺ-lik
• *tīĺ-siŕ (“toothless”)
  • *tīĺ-siŕ-e- (“to lack teeth”)
• *tīĺ-le- (“to bite”)
  • *tīĺ-le-n- (reflexive)
  • *tīĺ-le-t- (causative)
  • *tīĺ-le-l- (passive)
  • *tīĺ-le-ĺ- (reciprocal)

Descendants

• Arghu
  • Khalaj: tîş
• Proto-Oghuz: *dīš
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (diş)
    • Azerbaijani: diş
    • Ottoman Turkish: دیش (diş)
      • Gagauz: diş
      • Turkish: diş
  • Salar: tiş
  • Turkmen: dīş
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: تيٖشْ (tï̄š)
    • Chagatai: [script needed] (tiš)
      • Uyghur: چىش (chish)
      • Uzbek: tish
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: теш (teş)
    • Tatar: теш (teş)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: tiş
    • Karachay-Balkar: тиш (tiş)
    • Krymchak: чыш
    • Kumyk: тиш (tiş)
  • Kipchak-Nogai:
    • Karakalpak: tis
    • Kazakh: тіс (tıs)
    • Nogai: тис (tis)
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: тиш (tiş)
    • Southern Altai: тиш (tiš)
• Siberian:
  • Yenisei Turkic:
    • Shor: тиш
    • Khakas: тіс (tìs)
  • Sayan Turkic:
    • Tofa: діш
    • Tuvan: диш (diş)
  • Northern Siberian:
    • Dolgan: тиис
    • Yakut: тиис (tiis)
• Old Uyghur:
  • Old Uyghur: tyš (tïš)
    • Western Yugur: dïs

See also

• *sīĺ, *sï̄ĺ (“tooth, sharp stick”)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tı:ş”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 557
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*dīĺ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill