Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þurban

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þurbaną.

Verb

*þurban

1. to need

Inflection

*þarf, *þarft, *þurbun, *þorftā

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Old English: þurfan
  • Middle English: tharen
    • English: thair (dialectal)
    • Scots: thair
• Old Saxon: thurvan, thurƀan
  • Middle Low German: dürven, dörven, dröven
    • Low German: dörven, dröven, dröffen
• Old Dutch: thurvan
  • Middle Dutch: dorven
    • Dutch: durven (conflated in meaning with dorren)
      • Afrikaans: durf
      • Javindo: durref
      • Negerhollands: derv, dėfo
      • → Papiamentu: dùrf
    • Limburgish: dörve
• Old High German: durfan (f by backformation, this f is generally fortis as if from Germanic *p)
  • Middle High German: durfen, dürfen
    • Alemannic German: törfe
    • Central Franconian: dürve, durfe, dearfe
      • Luxembourgish: däerfen, duerfen, dierfen
    • German: dürfen
      • → Ido: darfar
    • Yiddish: דאַרפֿן (darfn)