akstinas

Lithuanian

Akstinai (1) - Thorns

Akstinai (2) - Awns

Akstinas (3) - Goad

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *akstinos (*aśtinos?). Equivalent to akstis +‎ -nas. Cognate with Latvian akstins (“prickle”), Proto-Slavic *ostьnъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈä̌ːkʲs̪ʲt̪ʲɪnɐs̪]

Noun

ãkstinas m (plural akstinaĩ) stress pattern 3^b

1. thorn, prickle

   Synonyms: spyglys, dyglys, gylys

2. awn

   Synonym: akuotas

3. goad, prod (pointed stick for driving cattle)
4. (figuratively) impetus, incentive, stimulus

Declension

Declension of ãkstinas

	singular (vienaskaita)	plural (daugiskaita)
nominative (vardininkas)	ãkstinas	akstinaĩ
genitive (kilmininkas)	ãkstino	akstinų̃
dative (naudininkas)	ãkstinui	akstináms
accusative (galininkas)	ãkstiną	ãkstinus
instrumental (įnagininkas)	ãkstinu	akstinaĩs
locative (vietininkas)	akstinè	akstinuosè
vocative (šauksmininkas)	ãkstine	akstinaĩ

References

• Derksen, Rick (2015) “akstinas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 48
• “ãkstinas” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–); p. 17 in ALEW 1.1 (online, 2019).
• “akstinas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

Further reading

• “akstinas”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2024
• “akstinas”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2024