jꜣwt

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iɑuːt/
  • Conventional anglicization: iaut

Etymology 1

Noun

 f

1. office, dignity, position [since the Old Kingdom]
   • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 18:

     gm.n.tw ḥr ḫrw.f mꜣꜥ.w rdjw n.f jꜣwt nt (j)t.f

     Horus was found justified; the office of his father was given to him.

2. function, role, duty
3. (in the plural, by metonymy) officials, officeholders
4. (Late Egyptian) occupation, profession

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣwt  

jꜣwt	jꜣwt	jꜣwt	jꜣwt	jꜣwt	jꜣwt	jꜣt

Derived terms

• jꜣwtj

Etymology 2

jꜣwj (“to be(come) old”) +‎ -t.

Noun

 f

1. (uncountable) old age [since the Middle Kingdom]

   Synonym: jꜣw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣwt  

jꜣwt	jꜣwt
[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]

Etymology 3

jꜣw (“old man”) +‎ -t (feminine suffix).

Noun

 f

1. old woman [since the Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

Declension of jꜣwt (feminine)

singular	jꜣwt
dual	jꜣwtj
plural	jꜣwwt

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣwt  

jꜣyt	jꜣyt	jꜣwt

Etymology 4

From the plural of jꜣt (“mound”).

Proper noun

 f pl

1. (plural only) Egypt [Greco-Roman Period]

Etymology 5

Noun

 f pl

1. (Late Egyptian) Alternative form of ꜥwt (“four-legged animals, herds”)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 455.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 242
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 26.13, 28.13–28.14, 29.3, 29.7–29.13, 29.15–29.16
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 7–8