tumma

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Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Estonian tõmmu, Estonian tume, Ingrian tumma, Karelian tumma, Võro tummõ and Votic tummõ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈt̪umːɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -umːɑ
  • Syllabification(key): tum‧ma

Adjective

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tumma (comparative tummempi, superlative tummin)

  1. dark (of colour)
    Hänellä on tumma tukka.
    She has dark hair.
    Minä käytän vain tummia vaatteita.
    I only wear dark clothes.
  2. dark-haired
    Naapurin jätkä seurustelee taas sen tumman tytön kanssa.
    The guy next door is dating the dark-haired girl again.

Usage notes

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  • The compound names of dark variants of a color are formed with genitive of tumma, other adjectives often with nominative, depending on the head word, e.g.:
tummankeltainen (dark yellow)
tummaihoinen (dark-skinned)

Declension

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Inflection of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative tumma tummat
genitive tumman tummien
partitive tummaa tummia
illative tummaan tummiin
singular plural
nominative tumma tummat
accusative nom. tumma tummat
gen. tumman
genitive tumman tummien
tummain rare
partitive tummaa tummia
inessive tummassa tummissa
elative tummasta tummista
illative tummaan tummiin
adessive tummalla tummilla
ablative tummalta tummilta
allative tummalle tummille
essive tummana tummina
translative tummaksi tummiksi
abessive tummatta tummitta
instructive tummin
comitative tummine
Possessive forms of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative tummani tummani
accusative nom. tummani tummani
gen. tummani
genitive tummani tummieni
tummaini rare
partitive tummaani tummiani
inessive tummassani tummissani
elative tummastani tummistani
illative tummaani tummiini
adessive tummallani tummillani
ablative tummaltani tummiltani
allative tummalleni tummilleni
essive tummanani tumminani
translative tummakseni tummikseni
abessive tummattani tummittani
instructive
comitative tummineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative tummasi tummasi
accusative nom. tummasi tummasi
gen. tummasi
genitive tummasi tummiesi
tummaisi rare
partitive tummaasi tummiasi
inessive tummassasi tummissasi
elative tummastasi tummistasi
illative tummaasi tummiisi
adessive tummallasi tummillasi
ablative tummaltasi tummiltasi
allative tummallesi tummillesi
essive tummanasi tumminasi
translative tummaksesi tummiksesi
abessive tummattasi tummittasi
instructive
comitative tumminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative tummamme tummamme
accusative nom. tummamme tummamme
gen. tummamme
genitive tummamme tummiemme
tummaimme rare
partitive tummaamme tummiamme
inessive tummassamme tummissamme
elative tummastamme tummistamme
illative tummaamme tummiimme
adessive tummallamme tummillamme
ablative tummaltamme tummiltamme
allative tummallemme tummillemme
essive tummanamme tumminamme
translative tummaksemme tummiksemme
abessive tummattamme tummittamme
instructive
comitative tumminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative tummanne tummanne
accusative nom. tummanne tummanne
gen. tummanne
genitive tummanne tummienne
tummainne rare
partitive tummaanne tummianne
inessive tummassanne tummissanne
elative tummastanne tummistanne
illative tummaanne tummiinne
adessive tummallanne tummillanne
ablative tummaltanne tummiltanne
allative tummallenne tummillenne
essive tummananne tumminanne
translative tummaksenne tummiksenne
abessive tummattanne tummittanne
instructive
comitative tumminenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative tummansa tummansa
accusative nom. tummansa tummansa
gen. tummansa
genitive tummansa tummiensa
tummainsa rare
partitive tummaansa tummiaan
tummiansa
inessive tummassaan
tummassansa
tummissaan
tummissansa
elative tummastaan
tummastansa
tummistaan
tummistansa
illative tummaansa tummiinsa
adessive tummallaan
tummallansa
tummillaan
tummillansa
ablative tummaltaan
tummaltansa
tummiltaan
tummiltansa
allative tummalleen
tummallensa
tummilleen
tummillensa
essive tummanaan
tummanansa
tumminaan
tumminansa
translative tummakseen
tummaksensa
tummikseen
tummiksensa
abessive tummattaan
tummattansa
tummittaan
tummittansa
instructive
comitative tummineen
tumminensa

Antonyms

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Noun

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tumma (informal)

  1. (possibly derogatory) Romani, Rom (person)
    Tummat kruisasivat Mersullaan kylän halki.
    The Romani cruised through the town in their Mercedes Benz.

Declension

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Inflection of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative tumma tummat
genitive tumman tummien
partitive tummaa tummia
illative tummaan tummiin
singular plural
nominative tumma tummat
accusative nom. tumma tummat
gen. tumman
genitive tumman tummien
tummain rare
partitive tummaa tummia
inessive tummassa tummissa
elative tummasta tummista
illative tummaan tummiin
adessive tummalla tummilla
ablative tummalta tummilta
allative tummalle tummille
essive tummana tummina
translative tummaksi tummiksi
abessive tummatta tummitta
instructive tummin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative tummani tummani
accusative nom. tummani tummani
gen. tummani
genitive tummani tummieni
tummaini rare
partitive tummaani tummiani
inessive tummassani tummissani
elative tummastani tummistani
illative tummaani tummiini
adessive tummallani tummillani
ablative tummaltani tummiltani
allative tummalleni tummilleni
essive tummanani tumminani
translative tummakseni tummikseni
abessive tummattani tummittani
instructive
comitative tummineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative tummasi tummasi
accusative nom. tummasi tummasi
gen. tummasi
genitive tummasi tummiesi
tummaisi rare
partitive tummaasi tummiasi
inessive tummassasi tummissasi
elative tummastasi tummistasi
illative tummaasi tummiisi
adessive tummallasi tummillasi
ablative tummaltasi tummiltasi
allative tummallesi tummillesi
essive tummanasi tumminasi
translative tummaksesi tummiksesi
abessive tummattasi tummittasi
instructive
comitative tumminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative tummamme tummamme
accusative nom. tummamme tummamme
gen. tummamme
genitive tummamme tummiemme
tummaimme rare
partitive tummaamme tummiamme
inessive tummassamme tummissamme
elative tummastamme tummistamme
illative tummaamme tummiimme
adessive tummallamme tummillamme
ablative tummaltamme tummiltamme
allative tummallemme tummillemme
essive tummanamme tumminamme
translative tummaksemme tummiksemme
abessive tummattamme tummittamme
instructive
comitative tumminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative tummanne tummanne
accusative nom. tummanne tummanne
gen. tummanne
genitive tummanne tummienne
tummainne rare
partitive tummaanne tummianne
inessive tummassanne tummissanne
elative tummastanne tummistanne
illative tummaanne tummiinne
adessive tummallanne tummillanne
ablative tummaltanne tummiltanne
allative tummallenne tummillenne
essive tummananne tumminanne
translative tummaksenne tummiksenne
abessive tummattanne tummittanne
instructive
comitative tumminenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative tummansa tummansa
accusative nom. tummansa tummansa
gen. tummansa
genitive tummansa tummiensa
tummainsa rare
partitive tummaansa tummiaan
tummiansa
inessive tummassaan
tummassansa
tummissaan
tummissansa
elative tummastaan
tummastansa
tummistaan
tummistansa
illative tummaansa tummiinsa
adessive tummallaan
tummallansa
tummillaan
tummillansa
ablative tummaltaan
tummaltansa
tummiltaan
tummiltansa
allative tummalleen
tummallensa
tummilleen
tummillensa
essive tummanaan
tummanansa
tumminaan
tumminansa
translative tummakseen
tummaksensa
tummikseen
tummiksensa
abessive tummattaan
tummattansa
tummittaan
tummittansa
instructive
comitative tummineen
tumminensa

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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compounds

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Finnish tumma and Estonian tõmmu.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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tumma (comparative tummemp)

  1. dim, dark

Declension

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Declension of tumma (type 3/koira, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative tumma tummat
genitive tumman tummiin
partitive tummaa tummia
illative tummaa tummii
inessive tummaas tummiis
elative tummast tummist
allative tummalle tummille
adessive tummaal tummiil
ablative tummalt tummilt
translative tummaks tummiks
essive tummanna, tummaan tumminna, tummiin
exessive1) tummant tummint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

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References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 608

Sidamo

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈtumːa/
  • Hyphenation: tum‧ma

Noun

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tumma f

  1. plural of tuma

Declension

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References

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  • Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 38

Swedish

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Etymology

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tumme (thumb) +‎ -a

Verb

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tumma (present tummar, preterite tummade, supine tummat, imperative tumma)

  1. to thumb (touch or manipulate with one's thumb)
  2. to confirm mutual agreement (sometimes by parties pressing their right thumbs against each other), to shake on it, to pinky swear
    Vi tummade på det
    We shook on it
  3. to slightly compromise on, to skimp on (something)
    De tummade på säkerheten
    They compromised / skimped on security
  4. (chiefly historical) to measure (lumber) in inches (tum)

Usage notes

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Close to synonymous with göra avkall på in (sense 3). Often of being willing to compromise on or play a bit fast and loose with something considered important, in a critical sense.

Conjugation

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References

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