ysgafnhau
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Welsh
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˌəsɡavnˈhaɨ̯/, [ˌəskavnˈhaɨ̯]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˌəsɡavnˈhai̯/, [ˌəskavnˈhai̯]
- Rhymes: -aɨ̯
Verb
[edit]ysgafnhau (first-person singular present ysgafnhaf)
- (transitive or intransitive) to lighten (make or become less heavy)
- Antonym: trymhau
- (transitive) to ease, to alleviate
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | ysgafnhaf | ysgafnhi | ysgafnha | ysgafnhwn | ysgafnhwch | ysgafnhant | ysgafnhir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
ysgafnhwn | ysgafnhit | ysgafnhai | ysgafnhem | ysgafnhech | ysgafnhent | ysgafnhid | |
| preterite | ysgafnhais | ysgafnhaist | ysgafnhodd | ysgafnhasom | ysgafnhasoch | ysgafnhasant | ysgafnhwyd | |
| pluperfect | ysgafnhaswn | ysgafnhasit | ysgafnhasai | ysgafnhasem | ysgafnhasech | ysgafnhasent | ysgafnhasid, ysgafnhesid | |
| present subjunctive | ysgafnhwyf | ysgafnhych | ysgafnho | ysgafnhom | ysgafnhoch | ysgafnhont | ysgafnher | |
| imperative | — | ysgafnha | ysgafnhed | ysgafnhwn | ysgafnhwch | ysgafnhent | ysgafnher | |
| verbal noun | ysgafnhau | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | ysgafnhedig ysgafnhadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | ysgafnha i, ysgafnhaf i | ysgafnhi di | ysgafnhith o/e/hi, ysgafnhiff e/hi | ysgafnhwn ni | ysgafnhwch chi | ysgafnhan nhw |
| conditional | ysgafnhwn i, ysgafnhswn i | ysgafnhet ti, ysgafnhset ti | ysgafnhai fo/fe/hi, ysgafnhsai fo/fe/hi | ysgafnhen ni, ysgafnhsen ni | ysgafnhech chi, ysgafnhsech chi | ysgafnhen nhw, ysgafnhsen nhw |
| preterite | ysgafnhais i, ysgafnhes i | ysgafnhaist ti, ysgafnhest ti | ysgafnhodd o/e/hi | ysgafnhon ni | ysgafnhoch chi | ysgafnhon nhw |
| imperative | — | ysgafnha | — | — | ysgafnhwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
[edit]| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| ysgafnhau | unchanged | unchanged | hysgafnhau |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ysgafnhau”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies