znak
Czech[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old Czech znak, from Proto-Slavic *znakъ.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
znak m inan
- character (written or printed symbol, or letter)
- Řetězec "pes" sestává ze tří znaků. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- character, characteristic (a distinguishing feature)
- sign
- coat of arms
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- znak in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- znak in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
- znak in Internetová jazyková příručka
Kashubian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *znakъ.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
znak m inan
- sign (mark or another symbol used to represent something; clearly visible object, generally flat, bearing a short message in words or pictures)
- sign, signal (gesture or look that replaces words and is used to convey some information to someone)
- sign, trace (that which shows that something existed or happened)
- (folklore) omen of death
- (astrology) star sign
Further reading[edit]
- Bernard Sychta (1967–1973) “znak”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich, volume 6, page 244
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “znak”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[2]
Old Polish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *znakъ. First attested in the.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
znak m inan
- sign (that which shows that something exists or may happen)
- 1968 [End of the 15th century], Roman Laskowski, Józef Reczek, editors, Glosy polskie rękopisu Sermones de tempore et de sanctis nr. XV 32 Biblioteki OO. Dominikanów w Krakowie z drugiej połowy XV wieku[6], Sandomierz: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, page 67:
- Sed eciam ex gracia signaculum, snak, sancte trinitatis sibi impressit
- [Sed eciam ex gracia signaculum, znak, Sancte Trinitatis sibi impressit]
- 1977 [End of the 15th century], “Vergili Georgicorum schedae Gnesnenses”, in Bogdanus Bolz, Wanda Żurowska-Górecka, editors, Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium, volume 3, page 82:
- Promptum est oculis prediscere nigram, et quisquis color zna[y]k
- [Promptum est oculis prediscere nigram, et quisquis color zna[y]k]
- 1981-2001 [Middle of the 15th century], Elżbieta Belcarzowa, editor, Glosy polskie w łacińskich kazaniach średniowiecznych, volume III, Dąbrówka Kujawska, Krakow, page 27:
- Nec fides, nec sciencia,... nec opera exteriora sunt signa, snaky, salutis
- [Nec fides, nec sciencia,... nec opera exteriora sunt signa, znaki, salutis]
- c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 39r:
- Designauit dal znak
- [Designauit dał znak]
- c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 39r:
- Designare bezeychnen dacz znak
- [Designare bezeichnen dać znak]
- sign, trace (that which shows that something existed or happened)
- 1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 144:
- O raną szyną y nadąthą, gdzye sznakv szromothy nye czyny na *myeszczyv yawnym...., XXX szelągow mayą dacz za pokup
- [O ranę siną i nadętą, gdzie znaku sromoty nie czyni na mieścu jawnym...., XXX szelągow mają dać za pokup]
- 1868 [1451], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego[7], volume XIV, page 324:
- Nec direxerunt familiam eorum super curiam eius violenter, nec fecerunt hec, nec fecerunt vulnera eciam inferre, nec ibi fuerunt aliqua signeta istius al. znaky, parati sunt reducere de isto
- [Nec direxerunt familiam eorum super curiam eius violenter, nec fecerunt hec, nec fecerunt vulnera eciam inferre, nec ibi fuerunt aliqua signeta istius al. znaki, parati sunt reducere de isto]
- sign (notch in a tree or an artificial mound to mark the boundary separating two areas belonging to two different owners, or the boundary itself)
- 1950 [1430], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 347b:
- Jakom ia Stanislawowy lanky ne *szayol any yemu snakow poczinil samowtor
- [Jakom ja Stanisławowi łąki nie zajął ani jemu znakow poczynił samowtor]
- marvel, wonder (something strange or miraculous)
- The meaning of this term is uncertain.
Derived terms[edit]
- znaczyć impf
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “znak”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017) “znak”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “znak”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “znak”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Polish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old Polish znak.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
znak m inan (diminutive znaczek, related adjective znakowy)
- sign (mark or another symbol used to represent something; clearly visible object, generally flat, bearing a short message in words or pictures)
- sign, signal (gesture or look that replaces words and is used to convey some information to someone)
- Synonym: sygnał
- sign (proof or evidence of something)
- Synonym: świadectwo
- sign (that which shows that something exists or may happen)
- Synonym: oznaka
- mark (physical mark on the body left by something) [+ na (locative) = on what]
- Synonym: ślad
- sign, trace (that which shows that something existed or happened)
- Synonym: ślad
- (archaic, heraldry) banner (coat of arms or a banner with a coat of arms)
- (obsolete, historical, military) banner (military basic organizational and tactical unit, approximately equivalent to the current company)
- (obsolete) paragraph; chapter; section
- (obsolete) tumulus, barrow (mound of earth over a grave)
- Synonym: kopiec
- (obsolete, military) password
- (obsolete) evidence; legitimation (recommendation, issued e.g. through a court to a priest to issue a certificate of interest)
- Synonym: legitymacja
- (obsolete, chemistry) chemical symbol
- Synonym: symbol chemiczny
- (obsolete, philosophy) sign (trait, characteristic)
- (obsolete, medicine) sign (property of the body that indicates a disease and, unlike a symptom, can be detected objectively by someone other than the patient)
- (obsolete, military) banner, emblem
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- znaczyć impf
- być spod znaku impf
- dać się we znaki pf, dawać się we znaki impf
- nie dać znaku życia pf, nie dawać znaku życia impf
- postawić pod znakiem zapytania pf, stawiać pod znakiem zapytania impf
- postawić znak równości pf, stawiać znak równości impf
- stanąć pod znakiem zapytania pf, stawać pod znakiem zapytania impf
Trivia[edit]
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), znak is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 18 times in scientific texts, 13 times in news, 10 times in essays, 15 times in fiction, and 2 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 58 times, making it the 1126th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- znak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- znak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “znak”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], (Can we date this quote?)
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “znak”, in Słownik języka polskiego[12]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “znak”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[13]
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1927), “znak”, in Słownik języka polskiego[14] (in Polish), volume 8, Warsaw, page 577
Serbo-Croatian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *znakъ.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
znȃk m (Cyrillic spelling зна̑к)
Declension[edit]
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | znak | znȁkovi / znȃci |
genitive | znaka | znakova / znaka |
dative | znaku | znakovima / znacima |
accusative | znak | znakove / znake |
vocative | znače | znakovi / znaci |
locative | znaku | znakovima / znacima |
instrumental | znakom | znakovima / znacima |
Related terms[edit]
Silesian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old Polish znak.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
znak m inan
Derived terms[edit]
- znaczyć impf
Related terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- znak in silling.org
- Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “znak”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 165
Slovincian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *znakъ.
Noun[edit]
znak m inan
Etymology 2[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vъznakъ.
Adverb[edit]
znak (not comparable)
- on one's back
Further reading[edit]
- Lorentz, Friedrich (1912) “znãk”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch[15] (in German), volume 2, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 1426
- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Old Czech
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech terms with audio links
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech masculine nouns
- Czech inanimate nouns
- Czech terms with usage examples
- Czech masculine inanimate nouns
- Czech velar-stem masculine inanimate nouns
- cs:Communication
- cs:Heraldry
- Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kashubian lemmas
- Kashubian nouns
- Kashubian masculine nouns
- Kashubian inanimate nouns
- csb:Folklore
- csb:Astrology
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish nouns
- Old Polish masculine nouns
- Old Polish inanimate nouns
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ak
- Rhymes:Polish/ak/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Polish terms with archaic senses
- pl:Heraldry
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- Polish terms with historical senses
- pl:Military
- pl:Chemistry
- pl:Philosophy
- pl:Medicine
- pl:Communication
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/ak
- Rhymes:Silesian/ak/1 syllable
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian nouns
- Silesian masculine nouns
- Silesian inanimate nouns
- Slovincian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovincian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovincian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovincian lemmas
- Slovincian nouns
- Slovincian masculine nouns
- Slovincian inanimate nouns
- Slovincian adverbs
- Slovincian uncomparable adverbs